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EN
In 1793, Szadek and the most of Greater Poland became a part of a new province named Southern Prussia by the conquerors. The town was subject to public administration (Kriegs- und Domanenkammer) in Piotrkow, moved to Kalisz in 1798. At the same time, the centuries-old ties were severed. The town of Szadek and the activities of its inhabitants were similar to those in other urban centres of the region, except Kalisz and Piotrkow. Agriculture was the basis of existence for a large part of the townspeople. It determined the wealth, or rather the poverty of the inhabitants. During the period, there was a population growth in the town from 671 to 1165 people - which means an increase of 74%. Most of the residents were soldiers deployed in the town with their families. A fire which took place on the 1911‘ October 1802 caused great devastation - 54 houses were burnt down. By the end of Prussian rule, the number of buildings was lower than in 1793. However, some new houses were built of durable materials. The reign of Prussians lasted for nearly 14 years. It ended after the defeat in the war with France in 1806. The inhabitants of Polish lands expected quick arrival of the victorious armies of Napoleon and declaration on the future of the lands reclaimed from Prussians.
EN
As a result of the Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793), a significant part of Polish lands was in the possession of Prussia. Immediately a new province was created – South Prussia (Südpreussen). One of the elements of the new reality was the presence of a large number of soldiers in the socio-economic space of the province. Many cities and towns have become garrison headquarters. A clash of two completely different collectives occurred. On the one hand, soldiers who were often accompanied by families, and on the other hand, the „locals” were forced into the framework of foreign administrative structures overnight. A complicated network between civilians and military was developing. The ethnic face of many, especially small, urban centers has changed. The advantage was that the army provided the opportunity to increase revenues, for instance through the services provided to it: food sales, transport, rental of accommodation, stables and storage areas. At the same time, the soldiers, poorly paid, sought to earn a living, recruiting for all possible activities. Mutual relations were not deprived of difficult moments, living together under one roof (soldiers’ quarters) caused quarrels. However, it was not them who decided about the whole of mutual relations – as evidenced by the proofs of cooperation in the intangible sphere. The march of most garrisons to the war with France (1806) ended the short period of existence of South Prussia. However, on the areas abandoned by Prussia, many tied to the former administration, including the military.
PL
W wyniku II rozbioru (1793) znaczna część ziem Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów znalazła się we władaniu Prus. Niezwłocznie też utworzono z nich nową prowincję – Prusy Południowe (Südpreussen). Jednym z elementów nowej rzeczywistości była obecność licznych wojskowych w przestrzeni społeczno-gospodarczej prowincji. Wiele miast i miasteczek stało się siedzibami garnizonów. Nastąpiło zetknięcie dwóch zupełnie różnych zbiorowości. Z jednej strony żołnierze, którym bardzo często towarzyszyły rodziny, z drugiej zaś „miejscowi” wtłoczeni z dnia na dzień w ramy obcych struktur administracyjnych. Kształtowała się skomplikowana sieć powiązań między cywilami a wojskowymi. Zmianie uległo oblicze etniczne wielu, zwłaszcza niewielkich ośrodków miejskich. Walorem było to, że wojsko dawało możliwość zwiększenia dochodów, choćby przez świadczone na jego rzecz usługi: sprzedaż żywności, transport, wynajem kwater, stajni, powierzchni magazynowych. Jednocześnie żołnierze, kiepsko opłacani, szukali możliwości zarobkowania, najmując się do wszelkich możliwych zajęć. Wzajemne współżycie nie było pozbawione momentów trudnych, wspólne bytowanie pod jednym dachem (żołnierskie kwatery) rodziło sytuacje zapalne. Jednak to nie one decydowały o całokształcie wzajemnych relacji – o czym świadczą świadectwa współpracy w sferze niematerialnej. Wymarsz większości garnizonów na wojnę z Francją (1806) zakończył krótki okres istnienia Prus Południowych. Jednak na opuszczonych przez Prusy terenach pozostało wielu związanych z poprzednią administracją, również wojskowych.
EN
The village of Załęcze Wielkie, located in the south-eastern part of the Wieluń district, was one of the villages of Kamionkowo dominium, which belonged to the chapter of the Gniezno archbishopric. As a result of the Second Partition of Poland, these areas came under the rule of the Hohenzollerns (1793), in the so-called South Prussia (Südpreussen). After the Kościuszko Uprising (1794), it was decided to confiscate them and create domains. The beginnings of elementary school in Załęcze Wielkie should be linked with the activities of the Prussian administration aimed at creating a network of schools in newly gained areas. The school probably started its activity in 1804 – when the school building was put into use. Throughout its existence, the facility struggled with material difficulties. The contribution of the village inhabitants was barely enough for the teacher’s salary. There was a lack of funds for proper maintenance of the school building. Hence the staffing trouble: teachers, especially in the last period of the school’s existence, changed very often. The facility existed until 1859, when it was closed by the decision of the educational authorities of the Kingdom of Poland.
EN
At the beginning of 1793 Prussian troops entered Greater Poland, the second partition of Poland became a fact. Out of occupied lands a new province South Prussia (Südpreussen) was created immediately. One element of new reality was visible military presence in the socioeconomic area of the province. Many cities and towns, something unheard of in the pre-partition period, have become the headquarters of the garrisons. Many times the troops changed their places of the deployment. The squadron of the 4th Hussar Regiment was stationed at the Kalisz department. One of them, commanded by Major Graner, received an order of translocation from Bolesławiec over the Prosna river to Radomsko (September 1804). The relocation of the escadron was based on a document approved by the superiors with the route description (Marsch Route).
PL
W początkach 1793 r. wojska pruskie wkroczyły do Wielkopolski, II rozbiór Rzeczypospolitej stał się faktem. Z zajętych ziem utworzono niezwłocznie nową prowincję – Prusy Południowe (Südpreussen). Jednym z elementów nowej rzeczywistości była widoczna obecność wojska w przestrzeni społeczno-gospodarczej prowincji. Wiele miast i miasteczek, rzecz niespotykana w okresie przedrozbiorowym, stało się siedzibami garnizonów. Wielokrotnie też oddziały zmieniały miejsca swego postoju. Na terenie departamentu kamery kaliskiej stacjonowały szwadrony 4. pułku huzarów. Jeden z nich, dowodzony przez majora Granera, otrzymał rozkaz translokacji z Bolesławca nad Prosną do Radomska (wrzesień 1804). Przemieszczenie oddziału następowało na podstawie zatwierdzonego przez zwierzchników dokumentu z opisem trasy (Marsch Route).
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