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EN
The attitudes of Polish Catholic Church hierarchs and the shaping of their views on the fundamental social and economic institutions of the Second Polish Republic were not free from the influence of the Church’s social teaching that developed at the turn of the20th century. One of the key issues that was widely deliberated was that of ownership. In spite of the fact that ownership was a major social institution, it had been for long neglected in the teaching of the Catholic Church in Poland. However, although ignored during the period of Poland’s partitions, once the country regained independence, land ownership issues became suddenly within the interest among Polish bishops, and increased greatly when the government put forward its proposals of reforms in agriculture. The most conservative views and attitudes on land property and the role of land ownership in the social and economic sphere were then activated and, despite the enlightened opinions of some leading Catholic priests in the period 1918-1939 who followed the teaching o f Pope Pius XI and advocated fair pay, fighting unemployment, working on social legislation, and the idea subsidiarity and corporate attitudes in economy, the majority o f the Polish Episcopate remained steadfast in their utterly conservative convictions, especially on the issue of Church property and its preservation. Thus, the opinions of the few Polish bishops (i.a. Teodor Kubin or Stanislaw Adamski) to the contrary were exceptional and isolated, particularly because even the Holy See treated them as too far advanced and modem.
EN
The article concerns the activity of Count Jan Działyński in the January Uprising national authorities under the Prussian rule. Działyński was a representative of the family, which belonged to one of the most prominent families in Wielkopolska in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the time of partitions, the Działyńscy family was fully committed to Poland’s independence issue. During the January Uprising, Jan, the last male representative of the family, held important functions in the national administration of the Prussian partition. He was both the head of the Committee of Wielkopolska, and after its fall – the war organizer. Działyński supported the Uprising not only organizationally and financially – within a year, he allocated for this purpose the equivalent of the annual income of his assets – but he also participated in the biggest battles fought by insurgent groups from the Prussian partition, namely the battles of Pyzdry and Ignacew. He showed not only courage but also military talents, thus continuing the tradition of his father and grandfather, both insurgents.
PL
Opracowanie dotyczy działalności hrabiego Jana Działyńskiego we władzach narodowych powstania styczniowego w zaborze pruskim – reprezentanta rodziny, która należała do jednego z najwybitniejszych rodów wielkopolskich w XVIII i XIX w. Działyńscy w okresie zaborów z niezwykłą aktywnością angażowali się w sprawę niepodległości Polski. Jan, ostatni męski przedstawiciel rodziny, również piastował w okresie powstania styczniowego ważne funkcje w administracji narodowej zaboru pruskiego. Był zarówno szefem Komitetu Wielkopolskiego, jak i – po jego upadku – organizatorem wojennym zaboru pruskiego. Wspomagał powstanie nie tylko organizacyjnie i finansowo, przeznaczając na ten cel w ciągu roku równowartość rocznych dochodów ze swych dóbr, ale też walczył z bronią w ręku w największych bitwach, jakie stoczyły zgrupowania powstańcze z zaboru pruskiego: pod Pyzdrami i Ignacewem. Wykazał się tam odwagą i talentami militarnymi, kontynuując tym samym tradycje swego ojca (powstańca listopadowego) i dziada (powstańca kościuszkowskiego).
PL
Kolokwium habilitacyjne dra Marka Krzymkowskiego
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