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EN
The major issue addressed in this article is union involvement in conversions to employee ownership and the impact of such ownership on union roles and functions. The main point is that employee ownership appears to generate role conflict for unions as they thus potentially represent both employees and owners. The author hypothesizes that trade unions are ready to accept the conversion of a public firm to an EOC when the union is certain of maintaining political control over the company. There are two clearly defined situations in which unions might support a conversion: a) in the case of a failing firm that converts to employee ownership to save jobs; and b) in the case where a company is converted to protect it against a takeover by private competitors.
EN
In the second decade of modernization, profound differences in the effectiveness of the adaptation strategies applied by individual and collective actors have been experienced is Poland. The consequence of these differences is the phenomenon of the fragmentation of Polish society, which refers to the process of permanent differentiation of the position of individuals and social classes. The better adapted classes (e.g. business owners) are highly integrated. Medium adapted classes (e.g. administrative staff) are in a state of structural polarity. The worst adapted groups (e.g. manual workers) are in a state of decomposition. Such fragmentation leads to strong tensions at the level of social macrostructures.
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