The aim of the article is to show a role and importance of a family background in a school child education. This work concerns aspects of family functioning which influence entire development of the child. Among the most essential factors there are: a structure of the family, implementation of its basic functions, emotional relationships in the family as well as parenting styles. Furthermore, the article focuses on areas of the family life which may cause the student’s failure in education, including: material conditions, cultural background of the family, pathologies and crisis in upbringing, parents’ marriage breakdown and social poverty of the mother and the father. Undoubtedly, the author places a particular importance on both the family which raises a mentally-disabled child and the role of the family environment in a process of rehabilitation.
Support of psychosocial development of children and young people with special educational needs is one of the fundamental tasks of modern school. These methods of support are particularly important for students who, due to behavioral and emotional disorders, chronic illness, crisis or traumatic situations, are not otherwise capable of successfully complying with the task and requirements included in the school core curriculum. It should be emphasized that broadly understood mental disorders in students are not only a significant medical problem, but should also be of particular interest to all educators and school psychologists. Therefore, it is important to determine the scale of the problem in contemporary school and the state of preventive and remedial actions taken in the form of psychological and pedagogical support addressed to the aforementioned groups of students and their families. Prioritizing the possibilities and restrictions in this area should become an urgent necessity of educational studies, including special pedagogy and more specifically, therapeutic pedagogy.
PL
Wsparcie psychospołecznego rozwoju dzieci i młodzieży o specjalnych potrzebach edukacyjnych jest jednym z podstawowych zadań współczesnej szkoły. Wspomniane działania wspomagające są szczególnie ważne w przypadku uczniów, którzy ze względu na zaburzenia zachowania i emocji, chorobę przewlekłą, sytuacje kryzysowe będą też traumatyczne, nie są w stanie sprostać zadaniom oraz wymaganiom stawianym przez szkołę, uwzględnionym w podstawie programowej. Należy podkreślić, że szeroko rozumiane zaburzenia psychiczne u uczniów są nie tylko istotnym problemem natury medycznej, ale powinny również stanowią szczególnie ważny przedmiot zainteresowania wszystkich pedagogów oraz psychologów szkolnych. Dlatego też istotne jest określenie skali problemu we współczesnej szkole oraz stanu podejmowanych działań prewencyjnych oraz zaradczych w postaci wsparcia psychologiczno-pedagogicznego kierowanego do wspomnianej grupy uczniów, a także ich rodzin. Wskazanie możliwości oraz ograniczeń w tym zakresie wydaje się być priorytetowym zadaniem nauk o wychowaniu, w tym pedagogiki specjalnej, a ujmując ściślej pedagogiki terapeutycznej (leczniczej).
The article presents the results of our research on the declared interests of high school students organized by categories of interest that emerge from different professional activities. The study was conducted in middle school integration, located at the Małopolska province. The diagnostic survey was used as a research method. The proven method so‑called card of interests was adopted in our extended study. We have found big number of pupils who declare their technical and biological interests. These indicators achieved high values, such results have been observed especially among boys. In this survey we found also a significant percentage of pupils not showing readiness to take the first career decisions. We believe that such attitudes are a clear indication to work for guidance counselors working in the third stage of education.
This article is devoted to the problem of motivating students with intellectual disabilities to learn school. The authors try to indicate what should be guided by externally motivating students with different degrees of intellectual disability; cognitive or behavioral look at the process of human learning?
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