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Worldwide known poet, Czesław Miłosz, was he a dissident? The idea of ‘dissidency’ usual-ly excludes appreciation. Yet Miłosz, being always in opposition to dominant tendencies, was always acknowledged. The article presents three periods of his life: in Vilnius, in Paris and in America. In catholic and conservative Vilnius he represented a “left¬ wing” orienta-tion. Afterwords when he worked in Polish radio, it caused his transfer to Warsaw. His leftist beliefs explain his work in diplomacy for a new regime. This continued till 1950 when Miłosz, terrified with Stalinism, chose asylum in Paris. He was being fiercely attacked both by conservative emigration and leftist French intellectuals. He was accepted, however, by Parisian Kultura circle – the most creative centre of political reflection. In The Captive Mind – soon acknowledged as the most important book in this matter – Miłosz masterfully diagno-ses “a new faith”. In 1960 Miłosz became a professor in the Department of Slavic Lan-guages and Literatures in Berkeley. It was there that important works analyzing nihilistic crisis of Western civilization and consumerism connected with Americanization were writ-ten: The Land of Ulro (1977), Emperor of the Earth (1977) and especially A View of San Francisco Bay (1988). His reflections concentrate also on ontological crisis and working on new reli-gious imagination. Czesław Miłosz was never a politician or oppositionist in a traditional sense of these terms. Nevertheless, he kept searching for the essence and roots of ideology, the style of life and faith, regarding the fundamental values he fiercely criticized Communism, Ameri-canization and the usurpation of faith by Polish nationalism. He was appreciated, but pro-tests against his burial at Skałka confirm how sharp and influential his observations were.
EN
Opposition between the notion of universalism, created in the age of Enlightenment and the Romantic tradition, which dominates in Central Europe is discussed in the article. Universalism is understood as the process of emancipation of man, but at the same time, in countries ‘between Russia and Germany’ it is also understood as the rule of adherence. In the Romantic tradition there is the symbolic extrapolation of historic experiences and the use of metaphors that have ethical universalism, both of which are described by the author in this article. The understanding of culture as a spiritual sphere w hich unites the national spirit was destroyed in the 20th century due to totalitarianism, but this grotesque tragedy from our absurd history has created ‘anti-modern modernism'.
EN
The paper articulates new proposals for open, customer - oriented, proficient and competitive High-Tech production management including the latest IT tools in use for the purpose of effective production and processing processes shaping. The proposal objective is to denote converging possibilities for Intelligent Production with e-commerce transactions and e-business in general. The introduced statements are intended to meet discussion forum.
PL
Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia nowe propozycje dla potrzeb sprawneji konkurencyjnej organizacji usług produkcyjnych z wykorzystaniem rozwiązań High - Tech, z zastosowaniem aktualnych technologii informacyjnych (ang. Information Technologies) w organizacji i zarządzaniu procesu produkcyjnego. Proces produkcyjny przedstawiony jest w oparciu o koncepcją organizacji wirtualnej, z uwzględnieniem niematerialnego typu produkcji (ang. Intelligent Production). Proponowane rozwiązania mają charakter poglądowy i stanowią pole do dyskusji.
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