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  1. 1 Dzieje Najnowsze

  2. 1 Studia Historyczne

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  1. 2 Pachowicz A.

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  1. 2 2005

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1

The Situation of the Poles in France after the Evacuation of Wladyslaw Sikorski's Government in June 1940

100%
Pachowicz A.
Studia Historyczne
|
2005
|
vol. 48
|
issue 2(190)
207-220
EN
Formed after the fall of Poland in 1939, the government of Wladyslaw Sikorski continued to operate in France until June 1940. The new political situation created by the signing of a truce between France and Germany forced Sikorski and his ministers to leave for Britain. The Poles who remained in France could still look for help at the Polish Embassy (it was not closed until September 1940), the French section of the Polish Red Cross, the so-called Bureaux Polonaises, presided by Stanislaw Zabiello, and from 12 June 1941 an institution called Groupement d'Assistance aux Polonais en France (GAPF), which worked under the auspices of the French Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Labour. Officially the GAPF was launched on 1 September 1941: its main objective was to organize all forms of assistance (material, legal, etc.) both outdoor and indoor. Outdoor relief was extended to Poles who had come to France before the war and, though they had their own income, fell upon bad times. They were eligible for one-off or long-term supplements. Persons who were admitted to GAPF homes and hostels, as well as employees of GAPF-subsidized cooperatives firms were recipients of indoor relief.The GAPF was dissolved on 1 May 1944. Its offices and local centres were closed. Their work was, on the whole, taken over by a fully decentralized network of relief centres.
2

THE DECISIONS MADE BY THE COMMITTEE FOR DOMESTIC AFFAIRS CONCERNING THE REGION OF VILNIUS (NOVEMBER 1939 - APRIL 1940)

100%
Pachowicz A.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2005
|
issue 2
41-53
EN
Upon the basis of a convention signed by Molotov and Urbsys on 10 October 1939, the Soviet Union handed over the region of Vilnius to Lithuania. This decision was never recognised by the government of Prime Minister Sikorski. After the Lithuanian Army entered the terrain in question (28 October 1939), relations with the Polish community markedly deteriorated, and information about the resultant situation reached the Polish government in Angers. Gradually, but extremely consistently, symbols of Polishness were ousted from every domain of public life. Numerous reservations were produced by the educational-cultural policy pursued by the Lithuanians as well as their conduct in relation to persons interned in camps. Polish citizens were forced to observe a number of prohibitions and injunctions. Polish state and self-government administration was liquidated; the same fate befell political and social organisations as well as cultural associations, thus intensifying the profound dissatisfaction of the Poles. The Polish authorities incessantly stressed that the Lithuanian question remained open, and that the Polish government had not resigned from its right to the occupied territory. The problem of the Polish population became the topic of debates held from November 1939 to April 1940 by the Committee of Ministers for Domestic Affairs (an institution, whose pivotal purpose was to co-ordinate all work associated with the occupied country) and at a session held on 24 April 1940, entirely devoted to the question of Vilnius. Members of the Committee attempted to prepare suitable recommendations and resolutions. They paid attention to avoiding the creation of an active military organisation in Lithuania (which could comprise a liaison base), protested against the decrees of the Lithuanian authorities, which compelled Polish citizens to accept Lithuanian citizenship, and discussed the future of the Stefan Batory University. The accepted resolutions pertained to, i. a. the evacuation of civilians, the military, and political activists from the region of Vilnius as well as those resolutions, whose purpose was to organise relief for Poles residing in the territory in question.
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