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Rakushechny Yar site: lacustrine and fluvial deposits, buried soils and shell platforms from 6th mill. BC

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Dolbunova E., Szmańda J., Kittel P., Kulkova M., Aleksandrovskiy A., Cywa K., Mazurkevich A.
Acta Geographica Lodziensia
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2020
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vol. 110
61-80
PL
The Rakushechny Yar site is a floodplain multi-layer archaeological site encompassing strata dated from the Early Neolithic to the Bronze Age. It is characterised by a complex stratigraphy, with the presence of different deposits, buried soils and archaeological layers. Fluvial deposits interlay different settlement strata, which provides an opportunity to elaborate a precise chronological scheme and to study the successive changes in hydrological regime, climate and vegetation, along with the phases of human occupation. A study of the pastes used in ceramic manufacture was conducted to investigate changes in the procuring of raw materials, whose procurement would have depended heavily on their availability and sedimentation process. The fluvial deposits, which have safely preserved the Neolithic–Bronze Age archaeological layers, reach thicknesses of more than 6 m, which makes this site interesting both for the reconstruction of the human–environmental interaction and for the palaeoenvironmental history of the region.
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The Dobroe 9 site: a stratified Early Neolithic complex in the upper Don River

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Yurkina E., Smol’yaninov R., Kulichkov A., Kul’kova M., Zheludkov A., Yanish Y., Shatrovaya D.
Acta Geographica Lodziensia
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2020
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vol. 110
33-48
PL
The Middle Don Culture, distributed within the Middle and Upper Don River area, is thought to be one of the earliest Eastern European Neolithic cultures, and is dated to the 6th–5th millennium BC. A group of Neolithic sites was found on the right shore of the Voronezh River, and has been named the “Dobroe sites”. The Dobroe 9 settlement is one of few sites in this region at which an assemblage of Middle Don Culture has been recorded in a clear stratigraphic position. The numerous faunal remains, ceramic complex and stone inventory found at this site allows for a reconstruction of the earliest stages of the Neolithic. The elaborated ceramic typology suggests a gradual transformation of the local culture. The particularity of sedimentation process and deposition of artefacts allowed a precise correlation of stone inventory types with early-Neolithic ceramic types. Preliminary reconstructions of palaeoclimate and episodes of human activity for this time period were implemented based on geochemical methods
3
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Traits of the Neolithic-Eneolithic archaeological layers’ formation at the sites of Algay and Oroshaemoe in the low Volga basin (Low Povoljie)

84%
Vybornov A., Yudin A., Kulkova M., Doga N., Popov A., Baratskov A., Gilyazov F., Somov A.
Acta Geographica Lodziensia
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2020
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vol. 110
49-59
PL
The Low Volga basin is an important area for the study on the genesis of Neolithic and Eneolithic archaeological cultures in Eastern Europe. Until now well stratified Neolithic-Eneolithic sites had not been found in the Low Volga (Low Povoljie) region. This has been a cause of serious discussion about the periodisation, genesis and interaction between cultural groups during the Late Stone Age in this area. Excavations of new open sites of Algay and Oroshaemoe began in 2014. Both sites are unique for the Low Povoljie. It is important that the archaeological layers are within loess loam and they are interlayered with sterile natural layers. This fact precludes a mixing of artefacts of different ages. Most of the artefacts and ecofacts found in a clear stratigraphic context allow for a presentation of the detailed characteristics of the Orlovskaya Neolithic culture, and the Cis-Caspian and the Khvalynskaya Eneolithic cultures. For the first time, reliable data have been obtained for a periodisation of the Neolithic-Eneolithic of the Low Povoljie. A set of radiocarbon dates for all archaeological layers allows for a determination of the precise chronological frameworks of Neolithic-Eneolithic cultures in this region. The geochemical analysis of archaeological layers and sterile interlayers made possible a reconstruction of climatic characteristics for different periods of the Holocene. The processes of development of archaeological layers in the periods of the Orlovskaya and the Cis- -Caspian cultures were considered.
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