Zagrożenie stereotypem to zjawisko, które pojawia się w czasie testowania pewnych zdolności, wskutek aktywizacji negatywnego stereotypu mówiącego o niskich zdolnościach własnej grupy. Jego konsekwencją jest pogorszenie wykonywania zadań wymagających tych zdolności. W przedstawionym badaniu mierzono za pomocą skali psychologicznej poczucie zagrożenia stereotypem u uczennic szkół podstawowych i gimnazjów oraz sprawdzano jego związek z ocenami szkolnymi z matematyki. Ponadto, korzystając z rozważań teoretycznych o podobieństwie stereotypizacji i wyuczonej bezradności, testowano mediacyjną i moderacyjną rolę bezradności intelektualnej z matematyki. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że bezradność intelektualna mediuje relację między poczuciem zagrożenia stereotypem na lekcjach matematyki a ocenami szkolnymi z tego przedmiotu.
EN
Stereotype threat is a situational phenomenon that arises during ability testing, when a negative stereotype about in-group ability is activated. This leads to stereotypical content assimilation and impairs task performance. The present study investigated the relation of stereotype threat experienced during mathematics lessons and mathematics achievement, as measured by school grades. Further, review of the literature about similarities between discrimination and learned helplessness indicated that learned helplessness acted as an important mediator between stereotype threat and school achievement. The results confirmed that learned helplessness mediated the relation between stereotype threat experience and mathematical achievement.
People who are stereotyped by the society as less able minority members, perform poorly when the stereotype threat is present. Numerous research has shown that the content of the stereotype can be automatically activated by information even remotely connected with it. The paper describes the empirically documented factors that can reduce the stereotype threat. Seeking similarities to more successful members of the group, using sense of humor in reducing stress, and changing beliefs concerning human intelligence, as well as processes of individuation, they all seem to play an important role in eliminating the stereotype threat effect.
Mimicry has been proven to be responsible for many social consequences linked to social bonding: improved trust, liking, and rapport. This accumulating empirical evidence has mostly been based on experimental designs focused on comparisons between two conditions: an experimental condition involving mimicking behavior versus a control condition in which any movement or direct verbal reaction is withdrawn. Thus, it is unclear whether the observed differences stem from a potential increase in liking, trust, or rapport in the mimicry condition or a decrease thereof when naturally occurring gestures are not present during the interaction. To address this potential confound, we included an additional control condition involving responsiveness (but not mimicry) aimed at increasing both internal and external validity. We found significant differences between the mimicry condition and both control conditions, thereby lending support to the original mimicry-as-a-social-glue hypothesis.
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