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PL
W artykule poruszone zostały wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące nowatorskich pierwiastków w powieści Tomasza Manna "Czarodziejska góra". Autor artykułu podejmuje próbę wykazania na przykładzie tej powieści różnic, które począwszy od lat dwudziestych naszego stulecia zaczęły się wyraźnie zarysowywać między tradycyjną powieścią dziewiętnastowieczną a powieścią dwudziestego wieku, określoną w literaturze niemieckiej często jako "Der moderne Roman". Jako istotne elementy nowatorskie, organizujące strukturę dzieła, wymienione zostały w artykule m.in. : przenikanie do akcji powieści esseistycznych rozważań, uwag krytycznych, komentarzy, dyskusji oraz wielu analiz o charakterze naukowym z poszczególnych dyscyplin wiedzy. Zwrócono również uwagę na zastosowanie techniki kontrapunktowej.
EN
Klaus Mann’s novel Mephisto and its film adaptation directed by István Szabó put the reader in a mood for reflective judgments about human behavior which grows on the ground of the totalitarian system. The spectrum of Mann’s novel and Szabó’s film is made up by the world of the Third Reich’s culture, where the actual reality, specific human fates, biographies and events are determined by the conformism as well as the heroism of fight. Klaus Mann’s novel and István Szabó’s film are mutually complementary in their disparate modes of expression and cognition of man. The film adaptation encompasses the elements impossible to represent in the text of the novel. In contrast with image, language as the basic device of literature is helpless in the face of a rich diversity of direct individual experiences. For language is reflective by nature, aiming to capture a whole (Kierkegaard). The cinematic picture performs a function that is complementary to language, which fails as a direct medium of the dynamism of the characters’ inner lives. The film is able to depict what is passed over by the novel. Describing Höfgen’s existential and spiritual situation, both the novel and the film reveal his inner downfall. There is no escaping the affinity with the stigma of the evil – a source of negative evaluation in the 20th century. This phenomenon is not self-acting but conditioned by the sociopolitical context in which the individual gets tangled up. In conclusion, the author quotes other examples from European literature, which expose the mechanics of the evil summoning up the powers of the Antichrist, common to the various epochs.
EN
The topic of these deliberations is the drama Die Schattenlinie by Tankred Dorst. The focus is on the demise oft he fundamental pillars of the literature created by the world based on the metaphysical structure of good and evil, truth and falsehood. That was the enclosed world, which was reflected in the unity of action, space, time, subject, thinking, family etc. Die Schattenlinie illustrates the transition to the postmodernist world, with its vanishing center being replaced with ‚differance‘ (Derrida). Polarization and the antithesis of values have lost their old grandeur. The unrelenting dominance of abstract logic, plan, progress and constraint of tradition have become a seemingly perfect structure since they do not fulfill the ambitions of modern-day varieties of life. Thinking as an image oft he world in its casual and linear dimension has lost a cognitive value. Dorst’s drama encompasses many parallel realities, many worlds, with events taking place simultaneously.
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