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Filozofia Nauki
|
1995
|
vol. 3
|
issue 1-2
101-127
PL
The principal aim of this paper is to analyse the notion of identity and to clarify terminology relevant to this notion. I characterize two main types of identity occuring between objects: abstract identity and numerical identity. I introduce further subtypes and try to point out some of the relations between objects which are identical numerically, and those which are identical abstractly. Some of the qualities of identity are described. Then, I work over relationship between identity and the other relations: sameness, kinship, likeness, equivalence, equality and difference. I also point out some of consequences of the view which reduces synonimity of expression to identity between these expressions' meanings. Finally, I consider the criterion which would make identification of identity possible.
2
100%
Filozofia Nauki
|
1998
|
vol. 6
|
issue 1
25-58
PL
Supervaluation is a method which has been invented to deal with the reference failure. In his 1975 paper K. Fine suggested that it might be applied to the analysis of the phenomenon of vagueness as well. The paper tries to assess the pros and cons of the supervaluation theory of vagueness. Supervaluation provides us with the means for analysing vagueness without eliminating it from the language, and allows to solve the main paradox connected with vagueness; i.e. the sorities paradox. The preservation of classical logic was thought to be one of its main virtues. The solution to sorities which supervaluationism proposes is a very counterintuitive one, however. Moreover, it seems that it does not preserve classical logic after all. Besides, the theory of supervaluation is not able to handle the higher-order vagueness. Nevertheless it remains one of most attractive semantic theories of vagueness available. In conection with the objections raised against supervaluationism arises the problem concerning the interpretation of the meaning of the supervaluationism's key notion, namely the notion of supertruth. The paper offers one such interpretation.
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