Utworzony w sierpniu 2007 roku przez warszawską giełdę rynek NewConnect (zwany również "małym parkietem") przeznaczony jest, podobnie jak rynek główny, do obrotu papierami udziałowymi. Jest to rynek nieregulowany, działający w formule alternatywnego systemu obrotu obok głównego parkietu GPW S.A. Zgodnie z założeniami organizatora, NewConnect ma być źródłem finansowania rozwoju spółek, szczególnie należących do sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw, charakteryzujących się krótką historią działania, reprezentujących innowacyjne branże, z dużymi perspektywami rozwoju i transferu w przyszłości na główny rynek giełdy. Tak określony profil emitentów oznaczał konieczność ograniczenia do minimum wymogów wobec debiutantów oraz notowanych spółek. NewConnect jest również dostępny dla spółek zagranicznych. Jednakże, chociaż kryteria dostępu oraz warunki uczestnictwa w notowaniach dla podmiotów posiadających siedzibę poza Polską są takie same, jak w przypadku krajowych emitentów, rynek ten nie cieszy się dużym zainteresowaniem wśród spółek zagranicznych. Według danych z 15 maja 2013 roku, na parkiecie NewConnect notowano walory jedynie 8 emitentów zagranicznych. Najliczniej reprezentowanym krajem są Czechy (4 spółki). Pozostali emitenci pochodzą z Ukrainy, Bułgarii, Szwajcarii oraz Wielkiej Brytanii. Celem artykułu jest analiza aktywności zagranicznych emitentów na NewConnect, wartości pozyskanych przez nich kapitałów oraz wysokości stóp zwrotu osiąganych przez inwestorów z tytułu inwestycji w akcje tych spółek. Dokonano także przeglądu sposobów komunikacji spółek zagranicznych z inwestorami. W przeprowadzonych analizach wykorzystano statystyki rynku NewConnect publikowane przez GPW S.A., dane o przeprowadzonych ofertach i debiutach oraz strony internetowe badanych spółek.
The development of the financial markets is closely related to the innovation in methods of concluding financial transactions. The inflow of new investors, who are responsible for increasing in the number of transactions, would not be possible without technological progress in the area of market volume. Among the financial markets, these are the foreign exchange market and capital market that outstand in terms of solutions aimed at facilitating trade to their participants. Their architecture is evolving, causing that beyond the traditional ways of making transaction, investors are also provided with modern channels to carry out financial operations. This paper aims to characterise such new channels and confront them with traditional methods, as well as to show the differences in the functioning of the trading platforms on the foreign exchange market and capital market. Analysis of statistical data on the structure of turnover in both markets and the principles of the largest global trading platform was used as the research method.
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Rozwój rynków finansowych wiąże się ściśle z innowacjami w zakresie metod zawierania na nich transakcji. Bez postępu technologicznego w obszarze obrotu nie byłby możliwy napływ nowych inwestorów, dzięki którym rośnie wolumen przeprowadzanych transakcji. Wśród rynków finansowych to właśnie rynek walutowy i kapitałowy wyróżniają się pod względem rozwiązań mających na celu ułatwienie handlu ich uczestnikom. Ich architektura obrotu ewoluuje, powodując, że obok tradycyjnych sposobów zawierania transakcji inwestorzy mają do dyspozycji również nowoczesne kanały dostępu do przeprowadzania operacji finansowych. Celem artykułu jest dokonanie charakterystyki takich kanałów i skonfrontowanie ich z tradycyjnymi metodami oraz pokazanie różnic w zakresie funkcjonowania platform obrotu na rynku walutowym i kapitałowym. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano analizę danych statystycznych dotyczących struktury obrotów w obu segmentach oraz zasad działania największych globalnych platform obrotu.
Europeanfunds under the Regional Operational Programme for Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship for the years 2007-2013, Action 5.4 Strengthening regional capacity for research and development of technology. This project aimed to support micro, small and medium-sized enterprises located in Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship that cooperate with research and science institutions to develop and implement innovative solutions. Beneficiaries received subsidies in the form of a research voucher worth 25 000 PLN (for companies that have not benefited from the cooperation with research entities) and 50 000 PLN (for entrepreneurs who previously undertook such actions). The programme operator assumed that at least 170 innovative companies would benefit from such financial grants. In fact, 283 entrepreneurs submitted their applications, of which 199 received funds (including 122 companies that obtained the Research Voucher type 1 and 77 companies with the Research Voucher type 2).
The aim of the article is to evaluate the development of the stock exchange financial market in the Russian Federation and to indicate its basic characteristics. Two segments of this market were analyzed: foreign exchange market and capital market. The research period encompasses years of 2012–2016 and the starting point was the first year of operation of the Moscow Exchange (MOEX) after the merger of two exchanges, namely the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX) and the Russian Trading System (RTS). The analysis of turnover and capitalization statistics (in the case of equity and bond markets) as well as the portfolio of financial instruments of the local stock exchange were used as a research method. The following thesis has been adopted in the paper: stock market in Russia, as a result of the strong diversification of its offer, gives investors a wide range of investment opportunities. The structure of the stock market in Russia is different from that seen in developed financial markets in other countries.
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Celem artykułu była ocena rozwoju giełdowego rynku finansowego Federacji Rosyjskiej oraz wskazanie jego cech charakterystycznych. Analizie poddano dwa segmenty tego rynku: walutowy oraz instrumentów dłużnych i udziałowych (kapitałowy). Jako okres badawczy przyjęto lata 2012–2016, gdzie okresem początkowym był pierwszy rok funkcjonowania Giełda Papierów Wartościowych w Moskwie (Moscow Exchange – MOEX) powstałej w efekcie połączenia dwóch giełd, tj. Moskiewskiej Międzybankowej Giełdy Walutowej (Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange – MICEX) oraz Rosyjskiego Systemu Handlowego (Russian Trading System – RTS). Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano analizę danych statystycznych dotyczących obrotów i kapitalizacji (w przypadku rynku akcji i obligacji) oraz portfela instrumentów finansowych lokalnej giełdy papierów wartościowych. W pracy przyjęto następującą tezę: giełdowy rynek finansowy w Rosji na skutek silnej dywersyfikacji oferty instrumentów finansowych stwarza inwestorom szerokie możliwości inwestycyjne. Struktura rynku giełdowego w Rosji jest odmienna od spotykanej na rozwiniętych rynkach finansowych w innych krajach.
As a result of the current economic crisis, the indicators of the deficit and public debt in most European Union countries have exacerbated significantly. In fact, in the years 2007 – 2010 none of the 27 EU countries registered a credit balance. In 2011, a budget surplus was reported by three states only. At the same time, many countries, especially of the Euro-zone, began to struggle with the deficit at approximately, or exceeding, 10% of GDP. The indicators of public debt are similarly alarming for the EU countries, especially the so-called PIIGS, i.e. Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. In 2011, these indicators have deteriorated significantly in comparison to the previous years. The aim of this article is to present and analyse basic economic indicators of EU Member States.
Catalyst is a system of trading and authorization of debt securities consisting of regulated markets and alternative trading platforms. It was launched on 30 September, 2009 as a joint venture of the Warsaw Stock Exchange and BondSpot. The Catalyst architecture was designed purposefully to allow the inflow of capital to a wide range of issuers, including entities denied access to the stock market, i.e. limited liability companies, local government units as well as cooperative banks. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the issue of bonds of cooperative banks listed on Catalyst from 28 July, 2010 (the day of the first IPOs of cooperative banks) to the end of May 2014. The study includes all debt instruments introduced to the market at that time by cooperative banks in each of the Catalyst submarkets. The material consists of parameters for each issue of bonds derived from the Catalyst statistical bulletins and information documents published by issuers. The characteristics of some issues were also acquired at Cbonds.pl.
As a result of the current economic crisis, the indicators of the deficit and public debt in most European Union countries have exacerbated significantly. In fact, in the years 2007 – 2010 none of the 27 EU countries registered a credit balance. In 2011, a budget surplus was reported by three states only. At the same time, many countries, especially of the Euro-zone, began to struggle with the deficit at approximately, or exceeding, 10% of GDP. The indicators of public debt are similarly alarming for the EU countries, especially the so-called PIIGS, i.e. Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. In 2011, these indicators have deteriorated significantly in comparison to the previous years. The aim of this article is to present and analyse basic economic indicators of EU Member States.
As a result of the current economic crisis, the indicators of the deficit and public debt in most European Union countries have exacerbated significantly. In fact, in the years 2007 – 2010 none of the 27 EU countries registered a credit balance. In 2011, a budget surplus was reported by three states only. At the same time, many countries, especially of the Euro-zone, began to struggle with the deficit at approximately, or exceeding, 10% of GDP. The indicators of public debt are similarly alarming for the EU countries, especially the so-called PIIGS, i.e. Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. In 2011, these indicators have deteriorated significantly in comparison to the previous years. The aim of this article is to present and analyse basic economic indicators of EU Member States.
Research background: We examine the dividend payout policies across companies listed on the main stock exchanges in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). Unlike the highly developed capital markets, the literature regarding dividend policy on BRICS' stock exchanges is scarce. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is threefold: verification of the existence of dividend smoothing pattern; selection of the significant drivers that affect both dividend levels and dividend smoothing; examination of differences between dividend policy of cross- and single-listed companies. Methods: Based on a dataset of 564 companies that paid dividends for at least 11 consecutive years in the period of 1995-2015, we apply a GMM two-step estimator to assess the speed of dividend adjustment (SOA) coefficient. Further we employ the linear panel regression to indicate the individual and market determinants of the dividend levels and SOAs. In the latter case, we base on time series of the SOAs obtained from the rolling estimation technique. Finally, we conduct separate estimations for cross-listed companies. Findings & value added: We confirm a moderate level of dividend smoothing within BRICS countries. Among the firm-level characteristics affecting the SOA the most important are: ownership dispersion, age and size of a firm, retained earnings, leverage, long term debt, asset tangibility, liquidity risk ratio, and issuing the depositary receipts (DR). Two relevant market factors are found: market capitalisation and turnover in relation to GDP. Similar characteristics have a significant impact on dividends' levels in the entire sample, whereas in the subsample of cross-listed companies fewer variables are significant. Our paper is the first comprehensive attempt to investigate the dividend policy and determinants of dividend smoothing among BRICS countries.
The main goal of the paper is to examine dividend smoothing behaviour among companies listed on the stock markets in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru in the period of 1994-2015. The research sample consisted of 227 companies and 4968 observations. On the basis of Lintner’s dividend partial adjustment model, we calculated the speed of dividend adjustment (SOA) in response to the change in earnings. We found many companies with low SOA values, which on the grounds of the classic Linter’s approach implies the existence of dividend smoothing. However, the obtained average SOA values varied in four out of five analyzed stock markets from 0.731 for Chile to 0.914 for Brazil.This means that on selected emerging stock markets of Latin America – except Peru – the dividend smoothing has not been confirmed. Moreover, the obtained SOA levels varied among the selected stock markets, which implies that the differences in the speed of dividend adjustment may be driven by either national or stock markets characteristics.
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