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1
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Publicznoprawny charakter roszczeń odszkodowawczych za wywłaszczenie nieruchomości

100%
Kruś M.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2016
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vol. 78
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issue 2
87-99
EN
The qualification of compensation claims for expropriation of real estate to the public law sphere or the private law sphere raised many legal doubts in interwar Poland and has remained not fully resolved until the present date. This qualification is particularly relevant in view of the limitation period regarding the compensation claim. Under administrative law, contrary to the claims of a civil law character, there is no limitation of claims, unless the law provides otherwise. In this article, some exemplary legislative acts that constitute the grounds for expropriation of real estate procedures and possible claims for compensation are analysed, starting from the law on expropriation proceedings contained in the ordinance of 1934, through post-war decreesand amendments, to the Act on Property Management currently in force. Further, on the basis of the decisions delivered by common courts and administrative courts as well as opinions of high standing legal scholars, the author attempts to justify his stance on the public law nature of compensation claims for expropriation of real estate.
PL
Kwestia zakwalifikowania roszczenia do ustalenia odszkodowania za wywłaszczenie nieruchomości do sfery publiczno- lub prywatnoprawnej na gruncie prawa polskiego budziła wątpliwości doktryny już w okresie międzywojennym i pozostała nierozwikłana jednoznacznie do dziś. Jest ona szczególnie istotna z punktu widzenia przedawnienia przedmiotowego roszczenia odszkodowawczego. Na gruncie prawa administracyjnego bowiem, w przeciwieństwie do roszczeń o charakterze cywilnoprawnym, roszczenia co do zasady nie ulegają przedawnieniu, chyba że ustawa stanowi inaczej. W niniejszym artykule autor poddaje analizie przykładowe akty prawne, będące podstawą do przeprowadzenia procedury wywłaszczania nieruchomości oraz ewentualnych roszczeń odszkodowawczych, począwszy od rozporządzenia Prawo o postępowaniu wywłaszczeniowem z 1934 r., przez powojenne dekrety i ich nowelizacje, na obecnie obowiązującej ustawie o gospodarce nieruchomościami skończywszy. Jednocześnie w oparciu o orzecznictwo sądów powszechnych i administracyjnych oraz wypowiedzi wybitnych przedstawicieli doktryny autor podejmuje próbę uzasadnienia swojego stanowiska w zakresie publicznoprawnego charakteru roszczeń odszkodowawczych za wywłaszczenie nieruchomości.
2
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Warsztaty charrette jako formuła rozstrzygania o warunkach zabudowy

100%
Kruś M.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
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2013
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issue 2
173-181
3
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Usługi wodne – nowa postać zarządzania gospodarką wodną

100%
Kruś M.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2018
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vol. 16
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issue 1 (3)
47-58
PL
The subject of the publication is a description of water services institutions. This is a new institution under the Water Law, which came into force on 1 January 2018. Its introduction was the result of the implementation of the Water Framework Directive into Polish law. According to the definition of the Act, water services consist in providing the possibility of using water in a wider range, e.g., water intake, or discharging wastewater above a certain amount. Water services are provided to all who have a need to use water to such an extent. They are universal. They are also paid for. The method of determining the amount of fees, fines and possible execution are regulated by law. The fees are paid to the State Water Holding – Polish Waters. This entity is to operate water management in Poland from 1 January 2018. Water services are an example of public services, the provision of which is one of the basic tasks of a modern state of Western civilization. They are also a new form of water management in Polish law.
4
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Umowa urbanistyczna jako przykład umowy administracyjnej na tle polskiego i europejskiego porządku prawnego

100%
Kruś M.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2019
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issue 3(27)
117-138
EN
The subject of the article is an attempt to show that concluding an urban contract is a form of public administration activity of an administrative nature, not a civil one. As a result of the contract, an administrative-legal relationship is established. Its characteristic feature is that in order for this relationship to arise it is necessary for the other party to agree. The other party is an investor who is supposed to carry out the project at his own expense. The basis for the conclusion of the contract is not the freedom of contracting, but administrative law specifying the competence of the administration to conclude a contract as well as determining the acceptable content of the contract. The urban contract is therefore an administrative contract. The article also presents the basic features of an administrative contract. In the study, the achievements of Polish and German doctrine were used. The administra­tive contract is not regulated under Polish law but relevant provisions are contained in the German Act on Administrative Proceedings. In addition, a public law contract has been described as an instrument of action in the implementation of European Union law. In this context, two cases were distinguished, i.e. the conclusion of a contract by national authorities and the conclusion of a contract by the Union institutions. In the latter case, it was necessary to interpret the provisions of the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The characteristics of the administrative contract which make it a good means of establishing an administrative-legal relationship are also presented. Of particular importance is the opportunity of creating the content of the relationship by the entities involved. This enables the formation of individual provisions adapted to a specific case. At the same time, because the consent of both parties is needed to conclude a contract, such an administrative contract protects the interests of both parties to the legal relationship. Public administration’s ability to act in spe­cific situations must be ensured and for that reason the administrative contract will probably develop further.
5
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Problematyka przejęcia w trybie art. 98 ustawy o gospodarce nieruchomościami gruntu oddanego w użytkowanie wieczyste w kontekście zakazu wywłaszczania nieruchomości stanowiących własność Skarbu Państwa

63%
Kruś M., Zańko K.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2022
|
issue 2 (38)
59-83
EN
The article offers a detailed interpretation of Art. 98 sec. 1 of the Act of August 21, 1997 on Real Estate Management (r.e.m.) in order to answer the question of what effect in terms of the ownership of the State Treasury is related to the final division decision issued in relation to plots of land designated for public-municipal roads at the request of the perpetual usufructuary of the property. The authors of the article support such an interpretation of Art. 98 sec. 1 r.e.m. that takes into account the broader legal context of this regulation and enables effective equipping of relevant entities – communes in this case – with real estate allowing for the construction of public-communal roads on them. This entails the necessity to transfer ex lege the ownership of the separated plot of land from the State Treasury to the appropriate commune as a result of an application submitted by the perpetual usufructuary. The authors’ conclusions are based on a linguistic, comparative, teleological and historical interpretation, taking into account the 2000 amendment to the provision. For comparison purposes, the content of Art. 105 paragraph. 4 of this Act is taken into account. The article also considers the relation of the institution discussed here to the regulations concerning expropriation. This applies to the prohibition of the expropriation of real estate owned by the State Treasury under Art. 113 sec. 2 r.e.m., in the narrow, formal meaning of this concept resulting from its definition in Art. 112 sec. 2 r.e.m. The discussion also includes expropriation in a broad, material sense resulting from Art. 21 sec. 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. In both cases, the analysis leads to the conclusion that depriving the State Treasury of its property for the benefit of the commune in the case in question does not constitute expropriation, but is an example of communalisation, which is an acceptable form of equipping the commune with public property.
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