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Research in Language
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
19-29
EN
This paper reports the results of a pilot study concerned with phonetic imitation in the speech of Polish learners of English. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether native speakers of Polish imitate the length of English vowels and to determine whether the extent of phonetic imitation may be influenced by the model talker being a native or a non-native speaker of English. The participants were asked to perform an auditory naming task in which they indentified objects and actions presented on a set of photos twice, with and without the imitation task. The imitation task was further sub-divided depending on the model talker being a native or non-native speaker of English (a native Southern British English speaker and a native Polish speaker fluent in English). As the aim was to investigate the variability in durational characteristics of English vowels, the series of front vowels /æ e ɪ iː/ were analysed in the shortening and lengthening b_t vs. b_d contexts. The results of the study show that the participants imitated the length of the investigated vowels as a result of exposure to the two model talkers. The data suggest that the degree of imitation was mediated both by linguistic and social factors and that the direction of convergence might have been affected by the participants’ attitude toward L2 pronunciation.
Research in Language
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
19-29
EN
This paper reports the results of a pilot study concerned with phonetic imitation in the speech of Polish learners of English. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether native speakers of Polish imitate the length of English vowels and to determine whether the extent of phonetic imitation may be influenced by the model talker being a native or a non-native speaker of English. The participants were asked to perform an auditory naming task in which they indentified objects and actions presented on a set of photos twice, with and without the imitation task. The imitation task was further sub-divided depending on the model talker being a native or non-native speaker of English (a native Southern British English speaker and a native Polish speaker fluent in English). As the aim was to investigate the variability in durational characteristics of English vowels, the series of front vowels /æ e ɪ iː/ were analysed in the shortening and lengthening b_t vs. b_d contexts. The results of the study show that the participants imitated the length of the investigated vowels as a result of exposure to the two model talkers. The data suggest that the degree of imitation was mediated both by linguistic and social factors and that the direction of convergence might have been affected by the participants’ attitude toward L2 pronunciation.
EN
The study reproduces pilot work concerned with the imitation of English vowel duration by Polish learners (Zając 2013). Its aim was to expand on the findings of the previous study, i.e. determine if the magnitude of imitation may depend on the native/non-native status of the model talker and investigate whether the provision of explicit instructions to imitate at the beginning of the experiment affects convergence strategies of the participants. The dependent variable was the duration of three English front vowels analysed in shortening and lengthening contexts. The stimuli included pre-recorded English word pairs pronounced by a native and a non-native model talker. The experimental procedure consisted of three tasks: (1) reading the English word pairs displayed sequentially on a computer screen (baseline condition), producing the English words after exposure to (2) the native model talker’s voice and (3) the non-native model talker’s voice (shadowing conditions). The results show that the magnitude of imitation in the pronunciation of L2 learners may differ as a function of the model talker (native vs. non-native). The provision of explicit instructions to imitate at the beginning of the experimental procedure was found not to have a significant impact on the convergence strategies of the subjects.
EN
The paper discusses a study whose aim was to examine the impact of attention to language form and task type on the realisation of English function words by Polish learners of English. An additional goal was to investigate whether style-induced pronunciation shifts may depend on the degree of foreign accent. A large part of the paper concentrates on the issue of defining ‘weakness’ in English weak forms and considers priorities in English pronunciation teaching as far as the realisation of function words is concerned. The participants in the study were 12 advanced Polish learners of English, who were divided into two groups: 6 who were judged to speak with a slight degree of foreign accent and 6 who were judged to speak with a high degree of foreign accent. The subjects’ pronunciation was analysed in three situations in which we assume their attention was increasingly paid to speech form (spontaneous speech, prepared speech, reading). The results of the study suggest that increased attention to language form caused the participants to realise more function words as unstressed, although the effect was small. It was also found that one of the characteristics of English weak forms, the lack of stress, was realised correctly by the participants in the majority of cases. Finally, the results of the study imply that, in the case under investigation, the effect of attention to language form is weakly or not at all related to the degree of foreign accent.
EN
The paper discusses a study whose aim was to examine the impact of attention to language form and task type on the realisation of English function words by Polish learners of English. An additional goal was to investigate whether style-induced pronunciation shifts may depend on the degree of foreign accent. A large part of the paper concentrates on the issue of defining ‘weakness’ in English weak forms and considers priorities in English pronunciation teaching as far as the realisation of function words is concerned. The participants in the study were 12 advanced Polish learners of English, who were divided into two groups: 6 who were judged to speak with a slight degree of foreign accent and 6 who were judged to speak with a high degree of foreign accent. The subjects’ pronunciation was analysed in three situations in which we assume their attention was increasingly paid to speech form (spontaneous speech, prepared speech, reading). The results of the study suggest that increased attention to language form caused the participants to realise more function words as unstressed, although the effect was small. It was also found that one of the characteristics of English weak forms, the lack of stress, was realised correctly by the participants in the majority of cases. Finally, the results of the study imply that, in the case under investigation, the effect of attention to language form is weakly or not at all related to the degree of foreign accent.
PL
Badaniami objęto miejscowość Panieńszczyzna (51°17’N, 22°27’E ) położoną w strefie podmiejskiej Lublina, w gminie Jastków. Od 1989 roku obserwuje się tu duże zmiany w strukturze przestrzennej i funkcjonalnej wsi. Jednocześnie jest to obszar o wysokich walorach krajobrazowych i z rozwiniętą gospodarką rolną. Procesy suburbanizcji wywołały negatywne skutki w krajobrazie Panieńszczyzny. Zanika lokalna tradycyjna zabudowa wsi i jej układ zagrodowy, natomiast przemianom podlega struktura agrarna, zmniejsza się też strefa zieleni. W morfologii wsi wyraźnie zaznacza się obecnie chaos budowlany oraz brak spójności architektonicznej. Dodatkowo budowa drogi ekspresowej S17 obniżyła wycenę terenów sąsiadujących z tą inwestycją. Z drugiej strony wzrosła znacznie liczba mieszkańców i pojawiły się nowe funkcje wsi.
EN
The detailed research was undertaken in the Panieńszczyzna village, the Jastków municipality (suburbans of the Lublin city ). Since 1989, there have been large changes in spatial and functional structure of the village observed. Simultaneously, the area is characterized by high landscape values and intensive agriculture. The suburbanization processes resulted in negative effects of the Panieńszczyzna village landscape. A local traditional rural settlement, homestead and agricultural pattern disappear while the green area decreases. A building chaos and lack of the architectonic unity clearly marks in the village morphology. In addition, the construction of the Expressway S17 lowered the price of the areas adjacent to the investment.
EN
The aim of the research paper was to identify the relationship between a chronic cardiac disease and heart transplantation, and the level of patients’ selfcare. The notion of self-care and its levels has been defined, and the circumstances in which it becomes activate specified. Research findings showed that there is no difference in the level of self-care between the group of patients with a chronic heart condition and the group of patients with a heart transplant, and between cardiac patients and healthy individuals. The difference showed in the higher global level of self-care in patients after heart transplantation compared to healthy individuals. The research revealed that a heart transplantation treatment has a direct effect on the scope of self-care in patients. It can therefore be concluded that in the context of changes following a cardiac transplantation, self-care is activated as a buffering mechanism, facilitating a better adaptation of a patient. Yet, it cannot be stated that self-care is a rational mechanism consciously used in order to cope with the situation.
PL
Tekst skupia się na próbie wymiarowania biurokracji uniwersyteckiej na przykładzie Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach. Jest to podstawą do zaproponowania strategii zmniejszenia biurokracji oraz identyfikacji czynników, które mogą przyczynić się do jej wzrostu. Metody badawcze obejmują analizę literatury, obserwację i badania ankietowe.
EN
The alphabetical personal index for the notary’s files in the town of Łosice in the years 1810-1812 contains such data as: surname and first name of the person appearing in the files, place of residence, social origin (noble, peasant, Jewish), type of notarial deed, deed number and year of preparation. It was prepared as part of the substitute professional practice of students of History at the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce during the lockdown in 2020-2021
PL
Alfabetyczny skorowidz osobowy do akt notariusza w mieście Łosice w latach 1810-1812 zawiera takie dane jak: nazwisko i imię osoby występującej w aktach, miejsce zamieszkania, pochodzenie społeczne (szlacheckie, chłopskie, żydowskie), rodzaj aktu notarialnego, numer aktu i rok sporządzenia. Został on sporządzony w ramach zastępczych praktyk zawodowych studentów kierunku Historia Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach w czasie lockdownu w latach 2020-2021.
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