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Modernios Naujųjų laikų administravimo sistemos bruožų paieškos Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės iždo komisijos struktūroje (1764–1795 m.)

100%

Šmigelskytė-Stukienė R.

Lietuvos istorijos metraštis

2013

issue 1

5-23

Foundations for the modernisation of the modern state, which stimulated rapid economic development and facilitated the political rise of the state, were laid by radical changes in the public sector, including centralization and specialization of administration, integration and territorialisation, hierarchical subordination and introduction of extensive bureaucratic apparatus. The issue how/whether these processes were evidenced in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth has so far been given little systematic consideration. In view of the research history of the topic and source base, structure of the officials of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania treasury and changes in its personal composition in the 1760s–1780s were chosen as the object of the research. The author of the article strives to answer two questions: 1) Whether it is possible to discern germs of up-to-date bureaucratic system of the modern period in the Lithuanian institution of executive power – the Lithuanian Treasury Committee operating in the last quarter of the 18th century; 2) Whether the features of the “official of modern bureaucratic system” proposed by Max Weber could be attributed to the officials of the treasury system? Sources of the research include resolutions of the Diet of the Commonwealth of Both Nations regulating the activity of the Treasury Committee of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and documents of the institution in question stored at the archive of the Treasury Committee of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian State Historical Archives, f. 11), among the latter – catalogues of treasury officials and payout accounts which reflect the allocation of state treasury funds for the remuneration and additional payoff for treasury officers and officials in the 1780s – were of utmost importance analysing the topic. Analysis of the sources led to the conclusion that in the Commonwealth of Both Nations – in Poland and in Lithuania – finance administration institutions corresponding to the up-to-date administration of a modern state were initiated starting with 1764 and the regulation of their activity in the period of Stanisław August’s rule was increasingly tightened. The Economic Council established in 1764, in the coronation Diet of the same year renamed into Treasury Committee of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in Warsaw Diet of 1766 referred to as Treasury Republic Committee of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the first institution of treasury administration and control in Lithuania. Data of the catalogues of treasury officials of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania reveal the hierarchical structure, personal constitution and internal subordination of treasury officials under the Treasury Committee, provides information on the regulation of assignment to offices, existence of the institute of suretyship and the application of the principle of suretyship in practice. Data of the Treasury Committee support the assumption regarding the up-to-date bureaucratic system of the modern period that was evolving within the apparatus of state administration in the last quarter of the 18th century. Source data allow the proposition that certain features of M. Weber’s “official of modern bureaucratic system” can be attributed to the officials of the treasury system, namely impersonal structure of management, clearly defined hierarchy of management imposing strict subordination and control, written rules establishing the responsibilities of each level officials, not a single member of the bureaucratic organization is the owner of resources used for work, work is remunerated, etc.

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1 Lietuvos istorijos metraštis

1 Šmigelskytė-Stukienė R.

1 2013

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Modernios Naujųjų laikų administravimo sistemos bruožų paieškos Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės iždo komisijos struktūroje (1764–1795 m.)