Celem niniejszego opracowania jest uzyskanie diagnozy dotyczącej poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w gminach górskich położonych na terenie polskiej części Karpat. Dane wyjściowe stanowiły wyniki ankiet przeprowadzonych z udziałem władz samorządowych i liderów lokalnych na obszarze 44 gmin (stanowiących populację generalną), zlokalizowanych na obszarze województw małopolskiego, śląskiego i podkarpackiego. Badanie miało na celu wyodrębnienie grup gmin podobnych pod względem poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego oraz znalezienie potencjalnych przyczyn sprzyjających uzyskaniu określonego poziomu tego rozwoju.
EN
The aim of the study is to reach a diagnosis of the level of socio-economic development in mountain communities located in the Polish part of the Carpathians. The results of surveys carried out with the participation of local authorities and local leaders in the area of 44 communities located in Lesser Poland, Silesia and Podkarpackie Provinces constituted the output. The survey was designed to isolate groups of municipalities similar in terms of the level of socio-economic development and to identify potential causes conducive to achieving a certain level of development.
Podstawowym celem opracowania jest ocena zróżnicowania przestrzennego infrastruktury drogowej w Polsce z uwzględnieniem jej wpływu na liczbę wypadków na drogach. W analizie uwzględniono liczbę osób zabitych, rannych oraz liczbę kolizji drogowych. Przy ocenie infrastruktury drogowej uwzględniono zmienne charakteryzujące rodzaj i jakość dróg w układzie województw, obciążenie sieci dróg wojewódzkich, jak również przewozy ładunków i towarów.
EN
This article attempts to assess the diversity of road infrastructure in Poland in terms of regional. The article takes into account the length of roads, expenditures on public roads, the volume of passenger and freight transport, and traffic congestion in individual provinces. The data obtained were compared with information on road safety including the number of accidents and people injured on the roads. Conducted multivariate statistical analysis of road infrastructure diversity indicates that the Slaskie voivodship, Mazowieckie and Malopolskie have the most developed infrastructure of roads in Poland while it is the least developed in the Zachodniopomorskie, Warmia and Mazury, Lubelskie, Podlasie. It was also observed a very strong relationship between the development of road infrastructure and the number of injuries and deaths in individual provinces. From the analysis of the structure of accidents that you should invest in highways and motorways in the eastern provinces where the number of deaths is highest.
W ostatnich latach struktura obszarowa gospodarstwa rolnych w Polsce nie uległa znacznym zmianom, nadal przeważają gospodarstwa małe, do 5 ha. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie dynamiki wybranych wskaźników wyposażenia gospodarstw rolnych w ciągniki w województwach Polski z wykorzystaniem mierników dynamiki i modeli tendencji rozwojowej. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że w polskim rolnictwie istnieje duże zróżnicowanie przestrzenne w wyposażeniu w ciągniki i to zarówno w przeliczeniu na 100 gospodarstw, jak i na 100 ha użytków rolnych. Zmienność ta ma wyraźny związek z terytorialnym rozkładem gospodarstw według ich średniego areału.
EN
In recent years, the area structure of agricultural holdings in Poland has not changed significantly, small farms, up to 5 ha, still dominate. The purpose of this paper is to present dynamics of selected indicators of farm equipment in tractors in Polish voivodships. In this article indexes of dynamics and models of development trend have been used. The analysis shows that in Polish agriculture there is a large spatial variation in the equipment of tractors, both in terms of 100 farms and 100 ha of agricultural land. This variability has a clear relationship with the territorial distribution of holdings according to their average area.
The research of taxonomic structure of holdings owning agricultural tractors in EU countries was conducted on the basis of statistical information from EUROSTAT database, for 2013 year. The purpose of this article was to present level of equipment of holdings in European Union countries in agricultural tractors in the spatial aspect. The method of vector elimination was used in the analysis. Apart from the analysis concerning the fact of the possession of agricultural tractors according to areal groups of arable land in the European countries, the groups of countries with similar structure were distinguished. Percentage of holdings possessing tractors was related with the number of holdings in each groups of areal groups of arable land.
The aim of the research is to compare the level of farm equipment with agricultural machinery and devices improving production as well as to evaluate the quality of the equipment measured by its age, in Małopolska region and in south Lithuania. The empirical material constituted the results of the survey in 2017 in 144 farms in Małopolska and 70 farms in Lithuania. Questions taken into account in the research concerned power and age of tractors and combines, number of chosen machines and agricultural devices used according to the farm profile. The analysis of the material completed after the survey allows for the conclusion that the structure of technical equipment of farms both in Małopolska anf south Lithuania has undergone positive changes, especially in case of farms of average and large areas (15–20 hectares of arable land and >20 hectares of arable land). These farms, having the opportunity of easier access to credits and investment subventions, try to introduce general changes within machinery backup. At the same time the oldest equipment – often used more than 20 years, finds its place in farms of smallest areas of arable land.
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