This paper is a proposition of a new intepretation of Sophokles’ ‘Antigone’. Author uses a specific term homo sacer to analyze the reality of ancien polis described in the tragedy. Both Giorgio Agamben and Judith Butler made use of the concept of homo sacer to read ‘Antigone’ but they gave it a modern approach. Agamben treats the homo sacer as a person who is deprived of the laws and who, as a result, is banished from a community. He sees the homo sacer in modern refugees. The author of this chapter acknowledges Butler’s and Agamben’s approach but also reaches to the originis of the term. The idea of a sacred man derrives from pre-Roman law, which is described as a pre-politic law of violence. The author analyzes the situation of Antigone who becomes the homo sacer after being cursed by Creon. Antigone takes an action (praxis) while public speaking and therefore she steals the law which was originally available to polis citizens – men. She then becomes a woman-citizen, somone who has no place in polis. Antigone’s status is to be ‘in-between’, she is no woman, nor man. There is no place for her in polis. That is why she must be cursed and called the homo sacer. The new identity is given to her by the law. The aim of the chapter is to prove that the Antigone’s fate of being the homo sacer shows the moment of degeneration of the Greek polis. It shows what happens if the pre-politic violence becomes a part of the community.
The aim of the article is the analysis of Odysseus in Bolesław Miciński’s essay Podróże do piekieł (“Journeys to Hell”). The main purpose is to show that the philosopher creates a new Odysseus described by specific epiteton ornans which underlines wisdom not the cunning of Homer’s hero. What is more, Miciński builds his vision of Odysseus using psychoanalysis and his own understanding of classicism. He treats these two perspectives as instruments to extract particular features of Odysseus. Miciński is building a new myth of Odysseus, the myth of homo rationalis, perfect ratio which can save the humanistic subjectivity in the XXth century.
PL
Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy postaci Odyseusza wykreowanej w Podróżach do piekieł Bolesława Micińskiego, a także ukazanie, że twórczość Micińskiego ma ponadczasowy charakter i stanowi wybitny przykład eseju filozoficznego. Za kluczowe w interpretacji eseisty uważa się jego rozumienie klasycyzmu i psychoanalizy, które mają charakter instrumentalny i służą odkryciu prawdy o Odyseuszu. Głównym trzonem analizy eseju Micińskiego jest przyjęty przez niego epiteton ornans „przemądry”, który narzuca postrzeganie Odyseusza jako nie przebiegłego żołnierza, ale mędrca. Odyseusz w eseju Micińskiego na powrót staje się mitem, ale mitem człowieka rozumnego, doskonałego pierwowzoru, który ma nas poprowadzić ku lepszemu zrozumieniu humanistycznej podmiotowości.
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