Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie czynników decydujących o charakterze współczesnego otoczenia biznesowego oraz próba wskazania elementów konstytuujących globalną przestrzeń gospodarczą XXI w. Artykuł został podzielony na dwie części. W pierwszej omówiono globalizację jako zjawisko, w świetle rozważań teoretycznych. Druga część podejmuje problematykę rozważań teoretycznych odróżniających globalizację od internacjonalizacji i umiędzynarodowienia oraz próbę oceny wpływu procesów globalizacji na narodowe systemy regulacji. W podsumowaniu dokonano zestawienia istotnych elementów konstytuujących globalną przestrzeń gospodarczą, stanowiącą konsekwencję postępującej globalizacji.
EN
The aim of the paper is presentation of the factors which affects contemporary business settings. The second aim is to examine elements which constitute 21st century global economic space. The article is divided into two parts. The first part is dedicated to analyze theoretical aspects of globalization. In the second part of the paper author tries to scrutinize the differences between globalization, internationalization and other forms of international co-operation. She also tries to asses the influence of globalization on national regulation systems. In conclusion one can find enumeration of crucial elements which comprise global economical space.
In the paper the author tries to explain, on the theoretical ground, the very basic determinants of companies' competitiveness improvement under the circumstances of global liberalized economy and dynamic changes which take place in the business environment under the influence of globalization. The article consists of two parts. In the first part the concept of "organizational institutionalization" is discussed. The basic presumption is the reproduction of the business environment in the formal and organizational structures and business subjects behaviors. To describe the core of the concept the basic presumptions of new institutional economy was quoted and benchmarking and isomorphism, as a methods of business subject adaptation to environment, was presented. In the second part of the article O. E. Williamsons concept of economic analysis was used. Basing on four levels of institution author tried to prove the appearance of significant elements of modern companies' competitiveness position improvement. The combining of those two concepts seems to be the right theoretical base for further researches on companies' competitiveness in the time of globalization and liberalization of world economy.
One of the prerequisites for Poland’s full-right European Union membership is participation in the EU Common Agrarian Policy (CAP). A necessary condition for integration in this field is an approximation of financing system of the agricultural scctor to the concept realised within the CAP. The purpose of this article is to analyse news and theories financing of the agricultural sector, on the example of Poland. This is an attempt to evaluate the process of transformation with respect to Poland’s future EU membership. The article is divided into three parts. The first one describes theory of financing of the agriculture a sensitive sector of economy and evolution of news concerning this field. The second part characterises Poland’s agriculture financing system including main institutions controlling the agricultural market. The last part of the article presents new concept of financing of EU Common Agrarian and possible results of the transitions taking place in Poland
This paper deals with changes in world economy which took place as an effect of internationalization of enterprises and liberalization. It is an attempt to answer the following guestions: what is globalization and where it goes? and what is the relation of the largest economics to this problem. In the second part of this article the author considers problem from point of view of European Union, the United States and Japan.
The article presents the changes in management the advertising case called out on result the drawing ahead in world economy transformations - in this the cases of globalization. Enabling development of global product as well as its influence internalization first of all was described as factor on management advertisement. The next unit of article treats to differentiating on base of global product the advertisement. The cultural factor was considered as barrier of standardization of advertising money transfer also. The final unit then called out in strategies the opinion of changes the management the case of globalization.
Tematem opracowania są rozważania dotyczące przepływów kapitałowych w postaci inwestycji bezpośrednich, pod katem możliwości wykorzystania ich jako narzędzia rozwoju regionalnego. Na wstępie omówione zostały uwarunkowania rozwoju bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w świetle teorii. W dalszej części przedstawiono motywy inwestycyjne, którymi kierują się przedsiębiorstwa dokonujące inwestycji. Wydaje się bowiem zasadne spojrzenie na warunki lokalizacyjne oczyma inwestora. W podsumowaniu artykułu podzielono czynniki lokalizacyjne na stymulanty, destymulanty i nominanty oraz wyodrębniono tzw. miękkie i twarde czynniki lokalizacji, w celu wskazania roli poszczególnych ich grup w wyborze danego regionu jako miejsca inwestycji.
EN
This paper is about transfers of capital in the form of direct investments regarded as tools of regional development. The first part of the study discusses conditions for foreign investments in the light of pertinent theories. Further section analysis of investment motivations taken into consideration by entrepreneurs. In the concluding section localization factors are divided into stimulative, discouraging and neutral. To determine role of particular groups in choosing a given region for investments, the author identified so-called soft and hard localization factors.
The changes which take place in world economy influence the organizational systems and strategies of global market payers. It seems that the most important participants of that process are international corporations. Their position is the consequence of the capitalism transformation and its evolution from the enterprise to management and later investors’ form. The main aim of the paper is to prove the necessity of change in enterprises’ management systems as a consequence of world economy evolution. The article comprises three parts. In the first one author presents economic system evolution from the phases of enterprise capitalism to its management form. In the second part of the paper the investment capitalism and rules of its controlling mechanisms (corporation supervision) is described. The last part of the article is dedicated to analyze the importance of investors’ groups in enterprise development strategies.
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