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Messerer fracture: a comparison of the prevalence of the Messerer fracture between 1980–1984 and 2016–2020 based on materials from the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków

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Szypuła G., Kanclerz G., Szczepaniak P., Komisarz-Calik M., Koziołek W., Konopka T.
Problems of Forensic Sciences
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2024
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issue 137
EN
Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of Messerer fractures in the years 1980–1984 and 2016–2020 in the material of the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków and to equate it with the available literature. Material and methods: Section protocols collected at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków from 1980–1984 and 2016–2020 were investigated. Cases of car-pedestrian traffic accidents were collected and analyzed. Results: In the 39 cases from 1980–1984, 47 Messerer fractures were present. These reports represented 8.35% of deaths related to car-pedestrian traffic accidents. Among 9 women, Messerer fracture was generally observed in the right femur (41.67%), and the base of the wedge was lateral (41.67%). Whereas among 30 men, it was mainly located in the right femur or tibia (25.71% each). Alcohol was detected among 17 people. While in the 34 postmortem reports from 2016–2020 (15.38% of fatal strikes by a car), 43 Messerer fractures were present. They were usually located in the right tibia (39.5%), then in the right fibula (20.9%) and in the left tibia (14%). The bases of the wedges were mostly lateral (51.2%) and anterior (14%). In contemporary protocols, alcohol was detected among 22 people. Conclusions: Contrary to the literature data Messerer fractures occur in modern times almost twice as often as in the 80’s. Some differences regarding localization in lower extremities or wedge orientation can be observed.
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Ligature strangulation in 2001–2020 in the materials of the Jagiellonian University Department of Forensic Medicine, Kraków

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Komisarz M., Szczepaniak P., Kanclerz G., Hapkiewicz K., Koziołek W., Szypuła G., Konopka T.
Problems of Forensic Sciences
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2021
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vol. 126-127
EN
Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the most common post-mortem changes which can be found in the body after ligature strangulation and compare it with the most recent literature. Materials and methods: autopsy protocols from years 2001–2020 gathered in the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków were investigated. 37 cases of certain and possible strangulation were found and analysed. Prevalence of ligature strangulation, age, sex, information concerning perpetrator and post-mortem changes were considered. Results: we found and analysed 37 cases, however only in 16 cases the certain cause of death was ligature strangulation. In the remaining 18 cases the mechanism of death was not precisely defined. In 3 cases advanced late post-mortem changes disturbed establishment of certain identification. Women constituted 87.5% of all victims, while men 12.5%. Among 16 certain ligature strangulations we analysed the most important post-mortem changes. Both subconjunctival hemorrhagic petechiae and facial skin petechiae were observed in 93.8% of the cases, laryngeal or hyoid fracture in 56.3%, and hemorrhages in neck muscles were detected in 87.5% of the cases. Conclusions: The most frequent post-mortem changes after ligature strangulation include subconjunctival petechiae, facial skin petechiae and hemorrhages in the neck muscles which are convergent with the data found in literature. The autopsy may not indicate the circumstance of strangulation.
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Comparison of the occurrence and nature of infanticide in the 1930s, 1970s and today, in the materials of the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków

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Kanclerz G., Szypuła G., Komisarz-Calik M., Koziołek W., Szczepaniak P., Konopka T.
Problems of Forensic Sciences
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2024
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issue 138
EN
Aim: Analysis of the frequency of infanticides in years 1930s, 1970s and nowadays. Materials and methods: Section protocols collected at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków from years 1930–1939, 1971–1980 and 2012–2021 were investigated. Cases of infanticides were gathered and analysed. Results: We analyzed 295 cases, 7 from years 2012–2021, 134 from years 1971–1980, and 154 from years 1930–1939. In years 2012–2021, 5 cases were certain infanticides (1 commision – active and 4 omissions – passive), in the other 2 cases, the abandoned carcass of a newborn was thoroughly decomposed. In 1970s, 46 cases were definite infanticides (19 commisions and 27 omissions). In 38 cases, due to significant damage to the corpse, it was impossible to determine the cause of death and to confirm infanticide. We also discovered 5 cases of stillborn, abandoned newborns. In 21 cases, the body of a child whose direct cause of death was the perinatal trauma was abandoned, and in 23 cases abandoned children were underdeveloped; one case was uncategorized. In 1930s, 40 cases were certain infanticides (15 commisions and 25 ommisions). In 30 cases, due to significant damage to the corpse, it was impossible to confirm or rule out infanticide. We discovered 6 cases of stillborn abandoned newborns. In 18 cases, the body of a child whose direct cause of death was perinatal trauma was abandoned, and in 60 cases abandoned children were underdeveloped and therefore unable to survive. Conclusions: Nowadays the infanticides are quite rare, however in 1970s they were quite common, occurring almost as often as in 1930s.
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