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Economic and Geopolitical Challenges in Graphics Processing Unit Manufacturing: The Case of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Market Dominance

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Daniel M., Golemo K.

Azja-Pacyfik

2024

issue XXX

61-88

In this study, we analyze the impact of the dominance of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) in semiconductor manufacturing on the consumer Graphics Processing (GPU) market, using an interdisciplinary approach that draws on international economics and political science. The primary objective is to investigate how the reliance on TSMC by major GPU manufacturers, such as AMD, Intel, and NVIDIA, shapes the market, particularly in the context of geopolitical risks and technological advancements. The findings reveal that dependence on TSMC, especially for advanced lithography processes such as EUV technology, heightens vulnerabilities arising from geopolitical tensions, particularly between China and the United States Additionally, while alternative foundries like Samsung exist, they face significant operational constraints. The study also identifies key technological trends, including the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain mining, and machine learning, which contribute to heightened GPU demand. We also explore how U.S. imposed sanctions have restricted Chinese companies’ access to advanced technologies, while simultaneously fostering domestic innovation in China. These factors suggest that TSMC’s critical role, coupled with evolving geopolitical and technological dynamics, is likely to continue influencing supply chains and price developments in the consumer GPU market.

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1 Azja-Pacyfik

1 Daniel M.

1 Golemo K.

1 2024

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Economic and Geopolitical Challenges in Graphics Processing Unit Manufacturing: The Case of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Market Dominance