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EN
Prof. Edward Potkowski, died on July 31st 2017, paid particular attention to registration and detailed documentation of the manuscripts - created in Poland, written by the Poles abroad, for the Polish readers, or being held within the territory of Poland - both in Polish and foreign collections. He used to say, that we would not develop a complete image of the book culture of medieval ages in Poland without studies on the books permanently or temporarily stored in foreign institutions. This is also the topic of E. Potkowski’s text offered within this volume. He discusses examples of three books: the Mikołaj Suled’s Codex he found himself in Naples (Italy), the Mathilda’s Codex, and the Sankt Florian Psalter. Their complicated history proves the need of developing a central catalogue of medieval manuscripts related to Poland, for further studies on the Polish medieval culture.
PL
Zmarły 31 VII 2017 r. Edward Potkowski przywiązywał szczególną wagę do rejestracji i możliwie szczegółowego opisu rękopisów – powstałych w Polsce, spisanych przez Polaków za granicą, sporządzonych dla polskiego odbiorcy, bądź znajdujących się na terytorium Polski – zarówno przechowywanych w zbiorach polskich, jak i zagranicznych. Często wyrażał przekonanie, że nie uzyskamy pełnego obrazu kultury książki w polskim średniowieczu bez studiów nad kodeksami, które znajdują się lub czasowo znajdowały się w zbiorach obcych. O nich właśnie traktuje tekst przygotowany przez E. Potkowskiego do niniejszego tomu. Omawia w nim przykłady trzech ksiąg: odnaleziony przez siebie w Neapolu Kodeks Mikołaja Suleda oraz Kodeks Matyldy i Psałterz Floriański, których skomplikowane dzieje dowodzą konieczności utworzenia centralnego katalogu rękopisów średniowiecznych związanych z Polską, w celu rozwoju dalszych studiów nad rodzimą kulturą wieków średnich.
EN
European political power. Polish influence and Polish political and economic interests included eastern and south–eastern lands of Europe. Thus, there was a collision between the expansion of the Polish monarchy and Ottoman Turks. The Polish Royal Archives (now mostly in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw) kept a lot of documents written in Turkish to Polish kings, that resulted from the Polish–Turkish relations. The author examines one of these records. It is the peace treaty (truce) which was issued by Bayezid II in Constantinople on March 22nd, 1489 and then was sent to the Polish King Casimir the Jagiellonian. The treaty is written in Latin, Italian humanist type (italic), it preserves principles of the latin diplomatics but with some modifications (tughra, the formula of dating). Readers’ attention is drawn by the imperial titulary of Ottoman sultans and their willingness to join the group of European monarchs. In writing Turks were assisted by Italian consultants, humanists Turcophils and Italian employees of the sultanas chancellery. From the early mid–16th century, the sultans’ documents to the Polish kings had been written in Turkish, Arabic script, and Italian or Latin translations were enclosed. In the Appendix the author publishes the text of the Bayezid II Charter of March 22nd, 1489 (in a new transcription).
EN
The article consists of two parts. The first one outlines the Polish political relations with the state of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia from the Peace of Thorn (1466) to the Treaty of Cracow (1525), while the second one is the Polish historians’ assessment of action and decisions taken by the Polish political elites in the early 16th c. on the secularization of the Teutonic State in Prussia and turning Prussia into a secular fief of the Polish Kingdom. Some historians have negatively assessed the activities of the King and his advisers in 1525. They pictured the consequences of those decisions in the long-term perspective (i.e. independence of the Duchy of Prussia, creation of the Kingdom of Prussia, participation of Prussia in the partitions of Poland in the late 18th c.). This view was formulated by the following historians: Michał Bobrzyński, Wacław Sobieski, Ludwik Kolankowski, Władysław Pociecha, Jacek Wijaczka. Karol Górski and Marian Biskup presented a more moderate position. Already in 19th c. Joachim Lelewel found positive effects of the Treaty of Cracow (1525) for the Polish Kingdom in 16th c. His view was shared- mainly in the 20th c. – by Bronisław Dembinski, Oskar Halecki, Adam Vetulani, Władyslaw Konopczyński, Zygmunt Wojciechowski, Andrzej Wyczański and Maria Bogucka.
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