The sailors’ growing interest in small seaports initiated an intense process of tourist infrastructure development. In most of the examined ports, the sailing base has been expanded. The implementation of investments additionally increased the demand for sports and recreation services among sailors. The availability of modern havens and marinas brings many benefits for the local communities. New companies are being created that provide services to sailors: catering and hospitality, food and souvenir supplies. As a consequence, new jobs originate. Revenues of the local communities and the municipal budgets are growing. There are also many other social advantages, difficult to quantify. Investments in tourism infrastructure are financially unprofitable for their beneficiaries, i.e. public entities; however, they generate net benefits for the local communities.
Arbitration proceedings are usually characterized by greater freedom, informality and adoption of rules chosen by the parties. The rules of international arbitration institutions contain short, although comprehensive regulations, containing an average of 40 paragraphs of text. But what to do when war breaks into otherwise peaceful arbitration proceedings? The experience of war has been and has been spared our lawyers for approximately 80 years. But what should we do with international arbi-tration if we are an arbitrator in a dispute taking place in one of the belligerent states? The author will try to give some advice based on his own experience acquired since the outbreak of hostilities involving three of our neighbors: Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine.
Przedmiotowy artykuł1 stanowi ujęcie wybranych zagadnień prawnych dotyczących wzajemnych relacji pomiędzy międzynarodowym arbitrażem handlowym a prawem konkurencji. Dominująca perspektywa ujęcia tematyki zastosowana w artykule została określona jako perspektywa arbitra (rzecz jasna jako jedna z kilku możliwych). Autorzy wskazują na dwie kwestie węzłowe o znaczeniu uniwersalnym (międzynarodowym) będące odpowiedzią na pytania: 1) czy arbiter może (a może musi) stosować prawo konkurencji? (w kontekście dopuszczalności poddania sporu pod arbitraż); 2) które prawo konkurencji powinien stosować arbiter? Wywody w toku artykuły będą odnosiły się do abstrakcyjnego stanu faktycznego potencjalnego sporu, który zmuszony byłby rozstrzygnąć sąd arbitrażowy, a który zostanie rozstrzygnięty przez Autorów artykułu. Takie określenie tematyki pozwala następnie na wyciągnięcie wniosków de lege lata oraz de lege ferenda w zakresie relacji pomiędzy prawem konkurencji a międzynarodowym arbitrażem handlowym dla rozstrzygającego spory arbitra.
EN
The subject-matter of this article encompasses selected legal issues on the relationship between international commercial arbitration and competition law. The main perspective used in this paper is that of an arbitrator (clearly being only one of several possible). The paper points to two main issues of universal (international) meaning in response to the following questions: 1) Can (or in fact must) the arbitrator apply competition law (in terms of admissibility of the submission of the dispute to arbitration)? 2) which competition law should the arbitrator apply? The arguments presented in the paper refer to a potential fact scenario of a dispute (one that would have to be settled by arbitration), which will be settled by the Authors. A few conclusions will be drawn de lege lata and de lege ferenda concerning the relationship between competition law and international commercial arbitration for the main actor resolving disputes – an arbitrator.
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