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Some Reflections on the Theory of Hybrid Activities

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
|
2020
|
vol. 68
7-17
PL
Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia kilka uwag na temat teorii działań hybrydowych. Analiza przedmiotowej literatury wskazuje, że obecnie nie ma czegoś takiego jak rzeczywista teoria działań hybrydowych. Interpretacje i definicje działań hybrydowych różnią się w pewnym stopniu, a niektóre istotne problemy nie są w ogóle poruszane. Na przykład niektórzy autorzy są zdania, że działania hybrydowe składają się z jednoczesnych militarnych i niemilitarnych operacji. Ta opinia jest niekoniecznie słuszna, jako że niemilitarne działania mogą poprzedzać działania militarne. Monitorowanie tej fazy działań hybrydowych jest szczególnie ważne. Tak zwane „zarządzanie kryzysowe” swoim obecnym zakresem pokrywa, z punktu widzenia prakseologii (nauki o korzystnym, sprawnym działaniu), zbyt wąski obszar działań.
EN
This paper presents some remarks on the theory of hybrid activities. Analysis of relevant texts indicates that at present there is no real theory of hybrid activities. Interpretations and definitions of hybrid activities differ to some extent and certain important features are missing. For example, some authors opine that hybrid activities consist of simultaneous military and non-military operations. This opinion is not necessarily true as non-military activities can precede military activities. Monitoring this phase of hybrid activities is particularly important. The so-called “crisis management” covers (from the viewpoint of praxeology) a too narrow area.
2
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Poland in NATO – Some Geopolitical and Praxiological Remarks

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Reality of Politics
|
2014
|
issue 5
95-121
EN
This paper presents some remarks on the situation of Poland in NATO. The problem of ‘predictability’ is analysed on the basis of a simple scheme (system, its environment, their interactions). The geopolitical analysis of this dynamic model leads to the conclusion that the future cannot be described as highly predictable, although some long-term scenarios seem to be relatively plausible and may be used in the construction of more realistic global and national/ regional strategies. The results of this analysis suggest global cooperation and regional integration.
3
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The Blurred Problem of Foreign Funding of Civil Society Organizations in the Light of Political Marketing, Praxiology and Hybrid Warfare

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Reality of Politics
|
2016
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issue 7
195-211
EN
This paper deals with the problem of foreign and cryptoforeign funding of civil society organizations (CSOs). The question of foreign funding of CSOs is presented in the light of political marketing (inter alia: identification of global, regional and local market mechanisms (donors – clients)), hybrid warfare (real aims / interests of donors (the question of specific intelligence and counterintelligence)) and praxiology (effects, effectiveness).
4
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Some praxiological reflections on the reliability of political forecasting

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Reality of Politics
|
2018
|
issue 9
137-149
EN
The aim of this paper is to present some praxiological reflections and doubts concerning the nature and reliability of political forecasting in present times.
5
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Some Praxiological Reflections on the So-Called ‘Overton Window of Political Possibilities’,‘Framing’ and Related Problems

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Reality of Politics
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2013
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issue 4
237-257
EN
The so-called ‘Overton Window of Political Possibilities’ originates from a concept named after Joseph P. Overton and is based on the assumption that any collection of public policies within a policy area can be arranged in order from more free to less free. At any one time, some group of adjacent policies along the freedom spectrum fall into a ‘window of political possibility’. Policies inside the window are politically acceptable, meaning officeholders believe they can support the policies and survive the next election.
6
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The so-called ‘political heuristics’ in the light of praxiology

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Reality of Politics
|
2012
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issue 3
237-251
EN
The aim of this article is to describe the concept of political heuristics. It is most often understood as : party identification, political ideology, personal qualities of the candidate, candidate’s relative viability, electability and momentum. In author’s opinion, it is obvious that the so-called political heuristics do not lead to the best solution / choice. Moreover, this concept suggests that politics / political activity = elections. Political heuristics, as described in this article, are political pseudoheuristics, as they do not help solving political problems: they only help ‘getting rid’ of certain electoral problems. Sets of such political heuristics could be regarded as variants of political / electoral marketing mix.
7
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The Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union – in the context of ‘hybrid warfare’, ‘networks’, ‘swarming’ and ‘consolidated hybrid defence’

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Reality of Politics
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2017
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issue 8
125-140
EN
The aim of this paper is to present some praxiological remarks on the so-called Common Security and Defence Policy (earlier: The European Security and Defence Policy) of the European Union in the light of such terms as ‘hybrid warfare’, ‘networks’, ‘swarming’. The paper emphasizes the problem of consolidated hybrid security and defense.
8
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Some Methodological Reflections on the Efficiency of “Political and Military Decision Making” in a Hybrid Reality

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Reality of Politics
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2019
|
issue 10
134-148
EN
The aim of this paper is to present some methodological reflections on hybrid activities (spaces, knowledge about spaces, comparison of spaces, dynamic spaces, coordination of hybrid activities, efficiency of “hybrid activities”).
9
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Kilka geopolitycznych i prakseologicznych refleksji na temat Regionalnego Kompleksowego Partnerstwa Gospodarczego (RCEP) i zagadnień pokrewnych

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Acta Politica Polonica
|
2021
|
vol. 52
51-62
EN
This paper presents the problem of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), organized in 2020 on the basis of 15 states (Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, Laos, Malaisia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam). The USA and India are not members of this Partnership. There are a number of problems ‘in statu nascendi’, such as the question of the ownership of submarine reserves of oil and gas in the South- and Eastchinese Seas. The problems of the Partnership are presented in a wider, global context.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problem Regionalnego Kompleksowego Partnerstwa Gospodarczego (RCEP), które utworzono w 2020 roku na bazie 15 państw (Australia, Brunei, Kambodża, ChRL, Indonezja, Japonia, Laos, Malezja, Mjanma, Nowa Zelandia, Filipiny, Singapur, Korea Południowa, Tajlandia i Wietnam). Obecnie umowa jest na etapie ratyfikacji. Do RCEP nie należą USA, które, podobnie jak i Indie, wycofały się z negocjacji. W organizacji tej istnieje sporo problemów spornych – in statu nascendi (m.in. kwestia własności złóż surowców energetycznych pod Morzami Wschodnio- i Południowochińskim). W tekście tym podjęto próbę przedstawienia problemu RCEP w szerszym, globalnym kontekście.
10
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Some praxeological remarks on the so-called “political correctness”, “group thinking” and related problems

100%
Szałek B. Z.
Acta Politica Polonica
|
2020
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
5-13
EN
This paper presents some reflections on the so-called “political correctness”, “group thinking” and related problems in the light of praxeology, which deals, inter alia, with factors increasing or/and decreasing efficiency, efficacity of human actions/activities such as decision making.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono kilka refleksji na temat tzw. politycznej poprawności, grupowego myślenia i pokrewnych problemów. Prakseologia zajmuje się, między innymi, czynnikami zwiększającymi lub/i zmniejszającymi efektywność działań ludzkich, np. podejmowania decyzji.
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