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Analiza jakości życia zależnej od stanu zdrowia starszych mieszkańców wsi

100%
Mirczak A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2020
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vol. 3
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issue 348
113-129
EN
In connection with the aging of the population and the increase in the number of people with chronic illnesses, the priority objective for health care has become not only lengthening life, but also improving quality of life in older persons, as well as maintenance of their relative independence and active participation in social life. The most important factor in determining quality of life is health. Therefore, within this concept is used the term ‘health related quality of life’ which means quality of life designated state of health, current illnesses and the natural ageing process. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the health related quality of life of elderly people living in rural areas and to identify its determinants. The group of respondents consisted 203 people aged 65 years and over living in rural areas in Małopolska. The analysis of collected research material was performed using the statistical package SPSS 19 for Windows. The level of significance for the tested the hypotheses assumed value of 0.05. Elderly people who living in rural areas showed lower health related quality of life in physical dimension than in psychological dimension. The factors that determined this assessment including: sex, age, family situation, housing and financial situation, agricultural work in the past, health status, functional state, the risk of malnutrition, the type of the support and the level of life satisfaction of respondents.
PL
W związku z postępującym procesem starzenia się społeczeństwa, a tym samym wzrostem liczby osób przewlekle chorych, nadrzędnym celem opieki zdrowotnej stało się nie tylko wydłużanie życia, ale także poprawa jego jakości oraz utrzymanie w starszym wieku względnej niezależności i aktywnego uczestnictwa w życiu społecznym. Najważniejszym czynnikiem determinującym jakość życia jest zdrowie, dlatego też w obrębie tego pojęcia używany jest termin „jakość życia uwarunkowana stanem zdrowia”, oznaczający jakość życia wyznaczoną stanem zdrowia, obecnymi chorobami oraz naturalnym procesem starzenia. Celem głównym prezentowanej pracy było zbadanie jakości życia uwarunkowanej stanem zdrowia osób starszych mieszkających na wsi oraz określenie jej determinantów. Grupę badanych stanowiły 203 osoby w wieku 65 lat i więcej, mieszkające na obszarach wiejskich województwa małopolskiego. Analizę zebranego materiału badawczego wykonano z wykorzystaniem pakietu statystycznego IBM SPSS 19 dla Windows. Jako poziom istotności dla testowanych hipotez zerowych przyjęto wartość 0,05. Badane osoby starsze mieszające na wsi istotnie lepiej oceniały wymiar psychiczny jakości życia uwarunkowanej stanem zdrowia niż wymiar fizyczny. Do czynników determinujących tę ocenę należały: płeć, wiek, sytuacja rodzinna, warunki mieszkaniowe i sytuacja materialna, stopień powiązania w przeszłości z rolnictwem, stan zdrowia, sprawność funkcjonalna, ryzyko niedożywienia, rodzaj otrzymywanego wsparcia oraz poziom satysfakcji życiowej respondentów.
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Functional, communicative and critical health literacy among older Polish citizens

100%
Mirczak A.
Medycyna Pracy
|
2022
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vol. 73
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issue 3
191-199
EN
Background: The level of health literacy possessed by an individual (functional, communicative, critical) determines their ability to effectively self-manage a chronic disease. The aim of the study was to assess the level and functional, communicative, and critical determinants of health literacy in the group of chronically ill older adults. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on a representative sample of chronically ill people (N = 400) aged ≥65 years, living in Poland. Three levels of health literacy were measured on the basis of the Functional, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale (FCCHL), employed in Polish social research for the first time. Results: The conducted research showed that the average health literacy score of the surveyed older adults, measured on the basis of the FCCHL scale, was 2.81±0.71 (M±SD), whereas for the functional subscale of health literacy it was 3.06±0.58 (M±SD), for communicative health literacy it was 2.82±0.86 (M±SD), and for critical health literacy – 2.71±0.92 (M±SD). In terms of functional health literacy, the surveyed seniors most frequently reported problems with reading health-related information, resulting from the use of inadequate font size in information leaflets and brochures. Questions included in the subscale representing communicative health literacy revealed that the majority of the respondents understood the provided information about diseases, nevertheless they were reluctant to share thoughts about their health with other people. Within the framework of critical health literacy, one-third of the respondents did not search for any additional information, trusting that the information obtained was accurate and reliable. Conclusions: The surveyed elderly people rated worse their level of communicative and critical health literacy compared to the functional level. As a consequence of the low level of communicative and critical health literacy of the surveyed older adults, a certain deficit in their self-managing a disease entity is forecast.
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