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SMALL SCHOOLS - A PROPOSAL FOR RESOLVING SOME PROBLEMS WITH THE ORGANISATION OF EDUCATION IN THE RURAL AREAS OF POLAND

100%
Jakubowski M., Kozinska-Baldyga A.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2005
|
issue 3(128)
59-79
EN
The article deals with problems posed by the organization of education in rural areas at the time of transformations taking place in Poland. The starting point for considerations is the question about the presences of advantages of scale in the universal system of education and about the relations between school and the village community, parents in particular. The authors are trying to prove that the liquidation of rural schools that have a small number of pupils should not be considered exclusively from the point of view of a temporary reduction in the budget expenditures of a commune. School constitutes the social centre of village life and its liquidation produces in the long run negative effects for the local community. They also draw attention to the fact that an increase in the number of pupils attending the same school impacts negatively on the quality of instruction and upbringing. Their aim is to present an alternative solution which envisages the formation of the so-called Small Schools. These are institutions formed by associations of the residents of villages to replace the liquidated schools that were financed by the local authorities. The authors present the characteristic features of such Small Schools and data attesting to the fact that the cost of financing them can be low and that they ensure a higher quality of education. Additionally, the formation of such schools is a factor stimulating the activity of local community and the development of the social capital of villages. They describe barriers to the formation of Small Schools in Poland and chances that they create for a multi-directional development of rural areas.
2

PROFITABILITY OF VARIOUS INCOME STRATEGIES IN THE POLISH COUNTRYSIDE

81%
Falkowski J., Jakubowski M., Strawinski P.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2007
|
issue 3(136)
88-101
EN
The process of diversification of income sources of the rural population is currently one of the main factors determining the pace and direction of the restructuring of rural areas in Poland. The aim of this paper is to provide an answer to the question how - in terms of remuneration, the strategy of diversification of income sources pursued by farmers looks like against the background of strategies of earning money exclusively outside agriculture and against the background of a strategy basing wholly on agricultural sources of income. For the purpose of the presented analysis the authors used a methodology based on matching techniques and data collected during a series of surveys called 'Social Diagnosis' carried out in 2000, 2003 and 2005. The results of these surveys indicate that in the 2003-2005 period the strategy of diversification of activities failed to produce sufficient impulses encouraging farmers to reduce their involvement in agriculture. More attractive - in terms of income, was the strategy of earning money exclusively outside agriculture. However, due to various reasons it did not help ease the problem of agrarian overpopulation to any significant extent.
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