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Modele parlamentów dwuizbowych. Ujęcie porównawcze

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Machelski Z.
Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne
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2012
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vol. 13
148-166
EN
Taking into consideration the rule of checks and balances, the relation between executive and  legislature and relations within legislature, bicameralism becomes the key rule of the liberal constitutionalism. Parliamentary system based on two parliamentary chambers much better reflects various interests, social and economic demands and political preferences. The supporters of unicameral system present a different point of view. They claim that the legislative process in unitary systems does not demand two chambers of parliament. Each state has to choose independently what is consistent with its own interests and priorities. For the sake of strong bicameralism, the most important is the decision of choosing the scale of symmetry and congruence. For this reason there exist various mechanisms which are supposed to ease the dialogue and create the impression of unicameralism. The effective bicameralism is based on two potentially balanced coexisting chambers, guaranteeing the symmetry of both, as well as a kind of controversy which it persists and manages to overcome.
2

Lokalny wymiar polityki publicznej

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Machelski Z.
Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne
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2015
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vol. 18
73 - 88
EN
Different models of public policy, local politics and the institutional leadership in processes where aggregation is associated with a coalition of interests, are part of the current debate on public policy. The author refers to the forms of participation and the concept of the „ladder of participation.” Designs of such ladders illustrate the division of relations between the local authority and the community into two types: non-interactive and interactive. In addition to the possible „mosaic models” representing a result of a combination of various elements taken from other solutions, mostly stemming from the lack of a clear pattern of political culture and axiological order in society, indicated are three basic types of an ideal system of public policy and government at the local level, which summarize the concept of the state — the system in terms of the model: the core; organic; network. Detailed comparisons of aspects of public policy at the local level must take into account a number of different indicators and a clear separation of functions when determining the strategic objectives and those that are associated with current management.
3
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Racja państwa i demokracji

100%
Machelski Z.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
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2012
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vol. 33
252-269
EN
The majority of contemporary states boast of democratic legitimization and therefore want to see the true source of their power in people. The problem of creating a social system in which – on the one hand – all of the citizens have a real influence on governing their state and – on the other one – which is technically efficient, makes one of the most significant questions that still has not been settled in the theory of democracy. Formation of sovereign states has been accompanied by a process of building of nations. Each national community is – by principle – democratic. However, such a description of reality does not correspond to the history of Europe. It is difficult, for example, to fit the history of Poland properly in it: neglecting the short period aft er the regaining of its independence in 1918, basing on the model of polyarchy and taking into account the conditions of a sovereign state, Poland was not able to commence the building of democracy until 1989, in the conditions of division and polarization.
4
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NIEKTÓRE PROBLEMY ZWIĄZANE Z OPOZYCJĄ POLITYCZNĄ

100%
Machelski Z.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
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2016
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vol. 14
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issue 1
12-25
EN
The opposition is an institution of the political regime, whose essential function is to allow alternation of power. According to the political scientist, it is a phenomenon from the sphere of governance, where different imperious and subordinate entities are in a relationship with partially common goals and partly contradictory, but remain always mutually dependent. The importance of the political opposition depends not only on the adopted institutional solutions, but primarily the political culture. Just as every society has the government it deserves, by analogy, the same is also true of the opposition.
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