Peculiarities of consideration of the language and discourse issue by “early” M. Heidegger, namely within the limits of his hermeneutic phenomenology project (such an approach is isolated from the philosophy of language by “late” M. Heidegger) have been studied in the article. It is shown that next to the existentials of “disposedness” and “understanding” there arises the existential of «discourse» as a key to comprehension of socio-cultural and historical conditionality of Dasein. Particularly, an emphasis is made on such aspects of discourse as listening and silence (closely related to conscience) and, on the other hand, the attention is focused on the distortion of discourse in the idle talk act as inauthentic mode of human being. It is proven that the attempts of interpreting the position of “early” M. Hei deg ger as “linguistic pragmatism” are the unjustifiable extreme.
The historical-and-philosophical sources of formation of Heideggerian understanding of experience are discovered and retraced in the article. It is researched what this understanding is about and indicated how the perception of experience as the factually-historical reality influences the philosopher’s construction of hermeneutic version of phenomenology in contrast to the reflexive one. In this context, the human specifics is defined not with the help of theoretical self-consciousness, but with the ability to interpret one’s own life taking into account factuality and historicity of the concrete hermeneutic situation. The material of writings of the early period of M. Heidegger’s philosophy is used.
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