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Máme se vzdát dichotomického pohledu na „jazyk“?

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Beneš M.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

2015

vol. 6

issue 2

181-191

The paper deals with the questions connected with the so-called dichotomous character of language. It argues that except the language means occurring in the space and time (~ parole), there do exist, in the subject field of linguistics, the so-called social entities (i.e. rules/norms of language) and that these entities can be plausibly interpreted as constituting the second side of the dichotomy (~ langue).

Enantiosémie z perspektivy lingvistických teorií intersubjektivity

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Beneš M.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

2018

vol. 9

issue Special Issue 2018

124-134

This paper deals with two rather under-researched aspects of enantiosemy, i.e. the state in which one word in a given language has two opposite meanings. First, the paper investigates how is it possible for the second, opposite meaning to emerge (= individual-psychological aspect); second, it focuses on the processes of spreading throughout the language community (= social-psychological aspect). As far as the first aspect is concerned, this paper is based on the Vygotskian trends in SLA (FLT, FLL; see e.g. van Compernolle, 2015; Wertsch, 1994) and conceives enantiosemy as result of an inferring false hypothesis about the meaning of the given word from the input. It shows that these false hypotheses, if not disproved, subsequently transform into rules constituting the new, opposite meanings. As far as the second aspect is concerned, this paper is based on the linguistic theories of intersubjectivity, where meanings are conceptualized as rules, i.e. normative social facts, existing in the so-called intersubjectivity of the language users’ minds (see e.g. Itkonen, 2003; 2008a; Zlatev et al., 2008; Zlatev, 2016; Verhagen, 2015). The spreading of the second, opposite meaning is perceived as a series of consequent individual-psychological acquisitions of the new rule with the new, opposite content (i.e. false hypothesis > new, opposite rule) by the first, second, third etc. language users. From this perspective, it is possible to demonstrate the difference between enantiosemy from the language’s point of view (one part of a language community knows the old meaning only, while the second knows only the new, opposite meaning) and enantiosemy from the user’s point of view (some members of a community knowing both the old and the new, opposite meaning).

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2 Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

2 Beneš M.

1 2018

1 2015

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Máme se vzdát dichotomického pohledu na „jazyk“?

Enantiosémie z perspektivy lingvistických teorií intersubjektivity