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EN
The paper aims to present the types of semantic relations which hold between the interlingual homonyms existing in the semantic field of “people’s spiritual life”. The primary type of the relations among the studied lexical units is exclusion (the presence of a religious component in the semantics of a word of one of the studied languages and the lack of such a component in the other language). Because of the significant number of the examples of this type of relation, the words were divided into three thematic groups: 1) concepts (пассия – pasja), 2) objects (арка – arka), 3) people (лектор – lektor). The relation type of inclusion (with the shared religious semantics, one of the homonyms has an additional meaning related to this area) was observed in a few pairs (катафалк – katafalk). The relation type of overlapping (with the shared religious semantics, each of the homonyms has an additional meaning) in a given lexical field was not identified. No relation of overlapping in a given lexical field and only a few cases of the inclusion relation can prove that the resources of Russian and Polish homonymous words belonging to the religious theme of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches contrast with one another in quite an unobvious way. It is conditioned by both linguistic as well as cultural factors.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie wyselekcjonowanych wyrazów potencjalnych oznaczających osobę z prasy kazachstańskiej w latach 2008 – 2011. Na podstawie kryteriów odróżniających leksykę okazjonalną od neologizmów wysunięto wnioski o rozwoju wybranych słów. Zaobserwowano odmienne tendencje w grupach wyrazów mających różne pochodzenie. Większą tendencję do przyswojenia przez język mają wyrazy utworzone na podstawie rdzeni kazachskich oraz obcych, stają się one neologizmami przechodząc do uzusu językowego. Natomiast wyrazy stworzone na podstawie rdzeni rosyjskich najczęściej pozostają w strefie leksyki okazjonalnej.
EN
This article is devoted to the analysis of selected potential words meaning a person from the Kazakh press in the years 2008 - 2011. On the basis of the criteria, distinguishing occasionalisms from neologisms, conclusions were drawn about the development of selected words. Some tendencies have been observed in groups of words of different origins. The words created on the basis of Kazakh and foreign roots have a greater tendency to be assimilated by the language, they become neologisms, turning to linguistic usage. However, words created on the basis of Russian roots usually remain in the occasional lexical zone.
RU
Данная статья посвящена анализу потенциальных слов со значением лица, втречавшихся на страницах казахстанских газет с 2008 по 2011 годы. С помощью критериев, разделяющих окказиональную лексику и неологизмы, были сделаны выводы о развитии отобраной лексики. Также были обнаружены противоположные тенденции в группах слов разного происхождения. Итак, большей тенденцией к усвоению русским языком обладают слова, образованные от казахских и иностранных корней; они становятся неологизмами и переходят в узус. Слова же, образованные от русских корней, как правило остаются в сфере окказиональной лексики.
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