This paper examines the fragmentation strategies in B. S. Johnson’s The Unfortunates from the perspective of the theory of the novel, realism and literary sociology. This framework facilitates an investigation into the novel’s construction: ranging from the global level of text organisation, typographical construction and formal composition, down to the local level of semantic structure and syntax. Analytic conclusions suggest that fragmentation is ubiquitous, which leads to the violation of most of the novel’s components, its traditional and conventional elements, with an overriding impact on the narrative. As a result, The Unfortunates maintains its narrative coherence on the basis of different textual cues and generates its semantic potentialities in an alternative way. This to say, the novel’s “methodology” rests on the narrative agent, the act of narrating and meta-narration. These features contribute to what commonly passes as experimentalism of The Unfortunates.
Digital fiction can already boast a relatively long history. From the first text generators to hypertexts to multimodal and multimedia works, this genre of literature has always thrived on the latest technological innovations. The turn of 2015 and 2016 saw the release of three novels in the form of mobile device applications that might be recognized with the benefit of hindsight as paving the way for a new distinct genre of digital fiction. In the following article, I discuss The Pickle Index by Eli Horowitz, Arcadia by Iain Pears, and Belgravia by Julian Fellowes as examples of ‘app fiction’ and explore their generically formative features in the context of so-called ‘postdigital culture.’ These features will subsequently be used to argue that app fiction displays a postdigital dimension that corresponds to more general cultural phenomena within the digital domain in the second decade of the 21st century.
The following article construes the novel as a genre and explores how the innovations of utilizing multiple semiotic resources and media platforms are transforming it these days. With Marisha Pessl’s Night Film (2013) as the primary example I look into the properties of the multimodal and multimedia novel with a view to presenting various ways of transgressing the parameters of the traditional (monomodal and mono-medial) novel. Drawing from L. Elleström’s theory of “modalities of media” I seek to go to the depth of the semiotic and semantic mechanisms of Night Film and argue how the integration of the verbal and the visual renders a new reading experience. Also, on the basis of J.P. Bolter and R. Grusin’s idea of hypermedia I claim that the multiplication of sign systems and media aims at enhancing the ontological illusion.