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Catallaxy
|
2022
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
7-21
EN
Motivation: The motivation to write an article on airlines was the desire to rank them based on customer reviews and see how these reviews reflect the actual brand image. The opinions that companies collect about themselves have a very strong power when it comes to building its reputation. Aim: The aim of the study was to use digital transformation and transform raw data into specific information that expressed customer emotions to create a profile of selected airlines. A secondary goal of the article was also to check how the analyzed airlines perform in similar areas. Materials and methods: The data used for the analysis was collected from the eSky.com website and covers the 2019-2020 period. The airlines concerned by the customer reviews were LOT, Ryanair, Wizzair, Czarter, EasyJet, Lufthansa and Laudamotion. Their selection was dictated by the number of opinions necessary to conduct the analysis. The research based on the use of data mining techniques, but it should be noted that most of it uses text mining tools. Topic modelling was used to prepare the data properly and assign each word to groups with similar themes. In order to obtain information whether a given opinion has a positive, negative or neutral tenor, sentiment analysis was used. The final part of the analysis was based on the net sentiment score indicator. The entire analysis was carried out in the R-Studio. Results: The most common subjects of opinions written by customers were "delay", "service", "boarding" and "airline". It was confirmed that the opinions of each airline concern different topics, although some common topics were noticeable. Two topics were repeated among the 7 analyzed airlines: "service" and "delay". Based on the sentiment analysis, for the Ryanair airline the percentage of negative opinions was highest and equal to 35%, almost 40%, of neutral opinions fell on the WizzAir airline and the largest percentage of positive feedback, as much as 46%, was attributed to EasyJet. EasyJet line looks the best in the eyes of customers. The line that evoked uniformly positive, negative and neutral emotions in the opinions was Ryanair.
EN
This article presents the results of the impact of inflation on relative price volatility based on data from Poland in the period 2011 Q3-2020 Q4. In order to investigate this relationship, CPI data for 12 main groups of the inflation basket are used. The estimates showed that in the case of unexpected inflation, its significant impact on the RPV movements is noticeable, which, in turn, cannot be noticed in the case of expected inflation. Moreover, the functional form indicates a U-shaped relationship in the case of the RPV relation and unexpected inflation. The use of survey measures of forecasted inflation allows for a comprehensive view of the relation between the RPV and inflation.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczące wpływu inflacji na względną zmienność cen na podstawie danych z Polski z okresu 2011 Q3-2020 Q4. W celu zbadania tego związku wykorzystywano dane CPI dla 12 głównych grup koszyka inflacyjnego. Estymacje wykazały, iż w przypadku inflacji nieoczekiwanej zauważalny jest jej znaczący wpływ na ruchy RPV, czego z kolei nie można dostrzec w przypadku inflacji oczekiwanej. Co więcej, forma funkcjonalna wskazuje na zależność w kształcie litery „U” w przypadku relacji RPV i inflacji nieoczekiwanej. Wykorzystanie ankietowych miar prognozowanej inflacji pozwala na uzyskanie kompleksowego spojrzenia na zjawisko pomiędzy RPV a inflacją. Słowa kluczowe: inflacja, relatywna zmienność cen, oczekiwania inflacyjne, inflacja zasadnicza, inflacja bazowa, regresja liniowa i wielomianowa.
EN
The article aims to present the stages of the LEADER programme and its influence on greater activity and integration of inhabitants by, e.g. extending the knowledge of tradition and national heritage and the actions intended for the integration of local communities. It is noticeable particularly in the implementation of the activities within Axis 4 of the 2007–2013 Rural Development Programme. Positive changes in rural areas are a result of building strong social and human capitals, which are important factors of local development. The skills and the ability for cooperation of a local community allows it to implement many projects. The investments made by beneficiaries of the LEADER programme improve the level of living and the quality of life in the countryside. The effect is an improvement in physical infrastructure and tourist attractiveness as a result of care for the rural landscape and cultural heritage. The implementation of the LEADER programme is presented on the example of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship where the participation in actions for local communities is deeply ingrained. In order to show spatial differences in the activity of local entities under Local Action Groups in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, classes were selected on the basis of funds received by local entities in the LAG areas. There are 36 Local Action Groups operating in Wielkopolska (of which 31 have seats in this region).
EN
The article aims to present the stages of the LEADER programme and its influence on greater activity and integration of inhabitants by, e.g. extending the knowledge of tradition and national heritage and the actions intended for the integration of local communities. It is noticeable particularly in the implementation of the activities within Axis 4 of the 2007–2013 Rural Development Programme. Positive changes in rural areas are a result of building strong social and human capitals, which are important factors of local development. The skills and the ability for cooperation of a local community allows it to implement many projects. The investments made by beneficiaries of the LEADER programme improve the level of living and the quality of life in the countryside. The effect is an improvement in physical infrastructure and tourist attractiveness as a result of care for the rural landscape and cultural heritage. The implementation of the LEADER programme is presented on the example of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship where the participation in actions for local communities is deeply ingrained. In order to show spatial differences in the activity of local entities under Local Action Groups in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, classes were selected on the basis of funds received by local entities in the LAG areas. There are 36 Local Action Groups operating in Wielkopolska (of which 31 have seats in this region).
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