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PL
Przy klasztorze i kościele św. Marka w Krakowie, należącym do zakonu kanoników regularnych od pokuty, w 1410 r. założono bractwo św. Zofii, które po długim okresie uśpienia zostało pomyślnie reaktywowane w 1610 r. Uchowała się dotąd księga bracka. W 1626 r. ogłoszone zostały konstytucje bractwa św. Zofii. W stulecie tego wydarzenia, w 1726 r., do bractwa św. Zofii przyjęto 234 osoby spośród mieszczaństwa Starej Lubowli, ośrodka rezydencjonalnego polskiego starostwa spiskiego, a także małe grupy chłopów z sąsiednich wiosek. Wcześniej, w 1720 r., do tego bractwa przyjęto 14 mieszczan ze Spiskiej Nowej Wsi, ośrodka górniczego we wspomnianym starostwie. Praca omawia okoliczności tej niezwykłej (geograficznie i liczebnie) akcesji, jej kontekst religijny, społeczny i etniczny oraz analizuje strukturę narodową i społeczną wspólnoty adherentów bractwa ze Starej Lubowli na postawie zachowanych archiwaliów miejskich (księga testamentów, księgi przyjęć do prawa miejskiego i metryk parafialnych).
EN
At the monastery and the church of St. Marc in Cracow, belonging to the religious order of regular canons of penance, the Confraternity of St. Sophie was established in 1410, which was successfully reactivated in 1610, after a long period of inactivity. The book of the Confraternity was preserved till now. In 1626, the Constitutions of the Confraternity were promulgated. On the centenary of that event, in 1726, 234 people from among the bourgeoisie of Stará Ľubovňa, the residential centre of the Polish Spiš starosty, and small groups of boys from neighbouring villages were enrolled. Earlier, in 1720, 14 burghers from Spišská Nová Ves, a mining centre in the mentioned starosty, were enrolled to that Confraternity. This work discusses the circumstances of that extraordinary (geographically and numerically) enrolment, its religious, social and ethnic context, as well as analyses the national and social structure of the adherents of the Confraternity from Stará Ľubovňa, based on preserved urban archives (book of wills, book of admission to municipal rights, and parish registers).
PL
Zakon kanoników regularnych od pokuty (w Polsce zwanych markami, a na Litwie białymi augustianami) w opisywanej epoce podlegał stale władzy diecezjalnej. Na przemian biskupi krakowscy i wileńscy sprawowali jednocześnie godność prepozyta generalnego zakonu czyli najwyższego przełożonego. To ścisłe uzależnienie miało na celu polepszenie dyscypliny i obyczajów we wspólnocie zakonnej liczebnie niedużej, za to aktywnej na polu duszpasterstwa. W latach 1762- 1794 zakonnicy pozostawali pod bacznym zwierzchnictwem biskupa wileńskiego Ignacego Massalskiego. Prepozytura w Miednikach miała niewielką stałą obsadę – obok proboszcza (prepozyta) przebywał tam jego socjusz, czyli drugi kapłan zakonny oraz kaznodzieja. Probostwo miednickie obsługiwało rozległą parafię, zamieszkałą głownie przez Polaków. Kościół św. Trójcy i przyległy niewielki klasztor wzniesiono z drewna. W 1778 r. i 1788 r. pożar spustoszył te budowle; za każdym razem przy obudowie posłużono się budulcem drewnianym. Do tej renowacji przyczyniły się wydatki długoletniego zasłużonego proboszcza (1768-1774 i od 1777 r. do końca stulecia), o. Marcina Gałeckiego. Przy kościele działało od 2 połowy XVII w. Bractwo Aniołów Stróżów z własnym ołtarzem. Zakonnicy prowadzili szkołę parafialną dla synów chłopskich i mieszczańskich. Prepozytura miednicka utrzymywała się z gospodarstwa rolnego (około trzech włók litewskich czyli poniżej 70 ha), rozdzielonego na trzy obszary uprawne, zamieszkałego przez kilka rodzin poddanych.
EN
The order of Canons Regular of the Penance (in Poland called the Marks and in Lithuania White Augustians) in the period in question was subjected to the diocesan authority. Bishops of Cracow and Vilnius alternately performed the duties of the highest superior, the Provost General of the order. This rigorous dependence aimed at improving discipline and practices in the order, which was not numerous but active in the field of ministry. In the years 1762-1794 the monks remained under the vigilant superiority of the Bishop of Vilnius, Ignacy Massalski. Provosty in Miedniki had a small number of ministers – apart from the parish priest (provost), there was another order priest and a preacher. The Provosty in Miedniki served a big parish, peopled mainly by Poles. The Holy Trinity church and the small monastery were built from wood. In 1778 and 1788 both buildings were destroyed by fire and each time they were rebuilt in wood. The renovation was co-financed by the longtime parish priest (1768-1774 and 1777-1800), Fr. Marcin Gałecki. Since the second half of the 17th century Guardian Angels Fraternity had its own altar at the church. Monks managed a parochial school for peasants’ and townsmen’s sons. The provosty in Miedniki supported itself from farmland (less than 70 ha) divided into three parts and peopled by a few families.
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EN
After the third partition of Poland the Augustinian Monastery in Brest survived 35 years under Russian rule (1795–1830). In 1797, after the dissolution of the Polish Province of the Order, the monastery was incorporated into the newly established Russian Province. Until 1801 the Augustinian Hermits in Brest ran a small orphanage for four children of the gentry. Attempts to run an elementary school (1804–1805) ended in failure. In 1801 a fire destroyed the monastery Church of the Holy Trinity. The monastery and the sacristy survived, but the rich library perished in the fire. The church was rebuilt by 1808, but burnt down in another fire the same year. It took another reconstruction to make it functional again in 1814. This once wealthy monastery in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth already in 1795 lost main part of its landed estate, i.e. the village of Kostomłoty situated across the Bug River and as such confiscated by the Austrian partitioner. Until 1820 the Augustinian Hermits were paid a fixed interest (annual rent) on capitals deposited in the Brest Kahal (4,845 silver roubles) and until 1830 interest on other private perpetual subsidies (2,100 silver roubles in total). In 1804 the Brest Augustinians received nearly 400 roubles of annual interest. In addition, they had their own savings and rented some rooms in the monastery to the apothecary and the wine merchant, who paid a high rent. They also continued to accept alms as well as offerings from the faithful for their pastoral services. In 1830 the Augustinian monastery shared the fate of nearly all Catholic institutions in Brest. It was to become the site of a fortress planned by Tsar Nicholas I. In 1851 the garrison Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas was built next to the demolished Augustinian church and the monastery was now to house the Committee of the Engineers of the Fortress.
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