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Committing a Crime as a Reason to Limit the Ability to Perform Functions in Local Government Administration

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Bojarski J., Daśko N.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2019
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issue 4 (48)
663-674
EN
2018 local self-government elections in Poland were special ones. Brought to light mismatching of provisions of the Electoral Code and Act on Local Self-Government Employees and attempt to use it to obtain an advantage in fight for political power caused political emotions and legal controversies. The aim of this article is presents limits imposed by criminal law on right to be elected in this type of elections and more general, role of criminal law as a tool in politics. The article presents a problem of conflict of legal regulations regarding the right to be elected and perform a public function in a local self-government unit as a problem of conflict between will of voters and attitude of politicians to creation of law and aim they try to obtain.
2
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„Lipcowa” nowelizacja Kodeksu karnego. Nowa filozofia prawa i wątpliwości konstytucyjne

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Daśko N., Bojarski J.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
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2023
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issue 6(76)
287-302
PL
Ustawą z 7 lipca 2022 r. dokonano gruntownej reformy prawa karnego. Efektem tych zmian jest znaczne zaostrzenie represji karnej, np. w postaci wydłużenia możliwej do orzekania kary pozbawienia wolności z okresu od miesiąca do 15 lat, na okres od miesiąca do 30 lat, obniżenia wieku odpowiedzialności karnej w szczególnych przypadkach do 14 lat czy możliwości orzeczenia kary dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności bez możliwości warunkowego przedterminowego zwolnienia. Zmiany, które pojawiły się w Kodeksie karnym, można uznać za kolejny etap w walce politycznej poprzez działania określane mianem populizmu penalnego. Jednakże można na te zmiany spojrzeć jako na efekt przyjęcia odmiennej od dotychczasowej filozofii prawa karnego i przyjęcie założeń neoklasycyzmu w prawie karnym. Niektóre z tych zmian budzą jednak poważne wątpliwości konstytucyjne.
EN
The Act of July 7, 2022 introduced a thorough reform of criminal law. The effect of these changes is a significant tightening of criminal repression, e.g. in the form of extending the possible sentence of imprisonment from one month to 15 years to a period from one month to 30 years, lowering the age of criminal responsibility in special cases to 14 years or the possibility of imposing a penalty life imprisonment without the possibility of conditional early release. The changes that appeared in the Penal Code can be considered the next stage in the political struggle through activities known as penal populism. However, these changes can be viewed as the result of adopting a philosophy of criminal law different from the previous one and adopting the assumptions of neoclassicism in criminal law. However, some of these changes raise serious constitutional questions.
3
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Zgoda na czynność seksualną w świetle art. 197 Kodeksu karnego

100%
Bojarski J., Daśko N.
Ius Novum
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2024
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vol. 18
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issue 3
18-34
EN
IN THE 21st century, many pieces of legislation are moving away from basing the features of the crime of rape on the use of various types of coercion and replacing it with the violation of the will of the injured person. The aim of the article, which is of an analytical nature, is to indicate a change in the understanding of the features of a crime under Art. 197 of the Penal Code and its adaptation to the current awareness and views of society. This issue is relatively absent in scientific discussions, which is probably due to the fact that only recently has attention been paid to certain phenomena, such as stealthing. The authors thesis that in view of the current interpretation of the features of the crime of rape, presented both in the doctrine and case law, the current legal status meets the criteria of Art. 36 of the Istanbul Convention, while the doctrine and jurisprudence, and perhaps even the legislator, face the task of adapting the crime of rape to contemporary needs. The conclusions drawn on the basis of the research conducted show problems that are only mentioned in criminal law literature.
PL
W XXI wieku następuje w wielu ustawodawstwach odejście od dotychczasowego oparcia znamion przestępstwa zgwałcenia na zastosowaniu różnego rodzaju przymusu i zastąpienie go naruszeniem woli osoby pokrzywdzonej. Celem artykułu, który ma charakter analityczny, jest wskazanie zmiany rozumienia znamion przestępstwa z art. 197 k.k. i dopasowanie tego artykułu do aktualnej świadomości i poglądów społeczeństwa. Problematyka ta jest stosunkowo słabo obecna w dyskusja naukowych, co prawdopodobnie wynika z faktu, że dopiero niedawno zwrócono uwagę na pewne zjawiska, takie jak stealthing. Autorzy stawiają tezę, że wobec obecnej wykładni znamion przestępstwa zgwałcenia, prezentowanej zarówno w doktrynie, jak i orzecznictwie, obecny stan prawny wypełnia kryteria z art. 36 Konwencji Stambulskiej, natomiast przed doktryną i orzecznictwem, a może i ustawodawcą stoi zadanie dostosowania przestępstwa zgwałcenia do współczesnych potrzeb. Wnioski wyciągnięte na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ukazują problemy tylko wspominane w piśmiennictwie prawnokarnym.
4
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Consent to sexual activity in accordance with article 197 of the Criminal Code

100%
Bojarski J., Daśko N.
Ius Novum
|
2024
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vol. 18
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issue 3 ENG
18-33
EN
In the 21st century, legislation in many jurisdictions is moving away from defining the crime of rape based on the use of coercion and instead focusing on the violation of the injured person’s will. This analytical article aims to highlight changes in the understanding of the features of a crime under Article 197 of the Criminal Code, aligning it with the current societal awareness and views. This issue is relatively absent in scientific discourse, likely because phenomena such as stealthing have only recently received attention. The authors posit that, given the current interpretation of the features of the crime of rape in both doctrine and case law, the present legal framework satisfies the criteria of Article 36 of the Istanbul Convention. However, the doctrine, jurisprudence, and potentially the legislator face the challenge of adapting the crime of rape to contemporary needs. The conclusions drawn from the conducted research reveal problems that are only briefly touched upon in criminal law literature.
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