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1

Cesarskie prawodawstwo zakonne sprzed Kodeksu Justyniana Wielkiego

100%

Lewandowicz J.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

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2018

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vol. 27

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issue 2

135-153

EN

Since Constantine the Great Caesar law started to play a double role in the world where Christians lived. It regulated the laws of a lay community – which aimed at the worldly objectives but also the life of the Church herself, whose basic objectives are directed towards the supernatural sphere. It was a kind of ius commune which shaped the collection of legal norms according to the Christian perspective. Till the times of Justinian I Caesar norms in relation to monastic life were directed by the need of the hour. Their formation, however, gives some idea what in the eyes of rulers was a problem which was necessary to solve on the border of monasticism and the life of a lay community. Depending on the regulation subject we can classify a group of laws applying to the people who had to perform public duties, then to the people who did not enjoy full freedom (slaves, coloni), married couples, then laws regulating the discipline of monastic life in monasteries and laws applying to monks and monasteries in a lay community (particularly regarding system of justice, property law and public order).

2

Współczesne pytania Antygony. O wolności wyborów, o źródłach prawa i uzasadnieniu moralnej słuszności czynów

100%

Lewandowicz J.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

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2015

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vol. 24

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issue 1

23-42

EN

The author presents considerations concerning morality criteria based on cultural and philosophical prepositions. Contemporary issues, in particular bioethical ones, make us pose the questions about the hierarchy of norms and, thus, the hierarchy of activities. This automatically leads to the question about the source (or sources) of law. The basis for these considerations is Antigone by Sophocles as a masterpiece with universal message. From the text analysis one can discover the issue of tradition and its role in social life principles determination. This leads to the question about the sources of law – are they transcendental or immanent? The author points out that Antigone uses the word „law” – „νόμος”, „νόμιμα” – only in relation to the divine laws. Creon’s regulations which oppose them are described as „φρόνημα”– inventions. In this way she acknowledges the supreme character of the transcendental norm. Rejection of the reference to the transcendental leads to „absolute contradiction” in the area of prepositions and attainments of legal objectives. This notion („absolute contradiction”) was used by Joseph Ratzinger in Benedict’s Europe in the cultures crisis. It can be said that this contradiction in the modern age comes from different ways of understanding the relationship between the transcendence and science, and, consequently, law by Galileo. Therefore, the premise of absolute autonomy creates „absolute contradiction”. The attempt to overcome this obstacle is respect for the so called „immanent transcendence”, which is expressed in the natural law. However, one must first acknowledge the existence of the objective truth and the possibility of knowing it and the norm which assesses the consistency of one’s action with those reference points. This norm is one’s conscience which has its autonomy in relation to legal norms that are not based on the natural law. Without that acknowledgement the only justification of law would be mere force. In our cultural situation Antigone’s question about the sources of law and its validity as well as how to save human dignity and love remains still pending.

3

Tragedia grecka jako dzieło religijne

50%

Lewandowicz J.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

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2000

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vol. 9

31-48

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3 Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

3 Lewandowicz J.

1 2018

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Cesarskie prawodawstwo zakonne sprzed Kodeksu Justyniana Wielkiego

Współczesne pytania Antygony. O wolności wyborów, o źródłach prawa i uzasadnieniu moralnej słuszności czynów

Tragedia grecka jako dzieło religijne