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EN
Streszczenie: Artykuł jest propozycją nowego spojrzenia na wielowątkowe, wielonarodowe i wieloetniczne dziedzictwo kulturowe współczesnego Dolnego Śląska. Bazując na wieloletnich badaniach terenowych oraz wcześniejszych koncepcjach teoretycznych, autorka proponuje koncepcję „translokalności” zaczerpniętą z obszaru badań nad migracjami oraz studiów nad globalizacją. Koncepcja jest spójna z charakterem Dolnego Śląska jako regionu postmigracyjnego, uwypukla dialektykę mobilności z lokalnością, a także pozwala opisać praktyki przekraczające granice czasu i przestrzeni, a służące afirmacji lokalnej tradycji i tożsamości.
PL
Artykuł analizuje debatę, która toczyła się w macedońskim parlamencie w grudniu 2018 r. w związku z wprowadzeniem poprawek do konstytucji – w tym zmiany nazwy kraju na „Republika Północnej Macedonii” pomiędzy dwoma głównymi aktorami politycznymi: prawicową partią WMRO-DPMNE oraz socjaldemokracją z premierem Zoranem Zaewem na czele. Ramy teoretyczne analizy wytyczają kulturowa koncepcja narodu Anthony’ego D. Smitha oraz pojęcie mitomotoryki zaproponowane przez Jana Assmanna. Koncentrując się przede wszystkim na budowanej przez partię prawicową emocjonalnej narracji, autorka analizuje koncepcję narodu jako historycznego i niezmiennego, wytyczonego grobami poprzednich pokoleń oraz świętego, a także wiarę w sprawczą moc słowa oraz rolę samookreślenia w budowaniu tożsamości narodowej. Analiza obejmuje kontekst historyczny powstania Macedonii, a także w jej charakter jako państwa wielonarodowego i wieloetnicznego.
PL
Recenzja książki: Aleksandra Paprot-Wielopolska, Żuławy i Powiśle: kreowanie tożsamości lokalnych i regionalnych po 1989 roku, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, 2018, ss. 288, ISBN 9788373839687.
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EN
Wangel Durlow is one of 7.5 thousand Aegean Macedonians that came to Poland as a result of the Greek civil war. In his narration he mostly recounts events related to the war and mandatory resettlement from his hometown in Northern Greece seen from the child’s perspective – Mr. Durlow was 12 when he left Greece. His account provides us with information on daily life and customs of the Macedonians living in Greece, difficult beginning of his stay in Poland resulting from cultural and civilization differences between Poland and Greece as well as education and upbringing of Greek children in Poland.  Despite pleas of his parents, who settled in Yugoslavia after the Greek civil war, he has not decided to leave Poland where he graduated from school and married a Polish woman.  There is a long description of the first meeting with his parents which took place only after 16 years of separation. The account of travels to Yugoslavia again emphasizes cultural differences between Poland Macedonia, especially the relation of the wife of Mr. Durlow with his parents.  In spite of the fact that the story of Wangel Durlow touches upon difficult and sometimes traumatic matters, he is recounting it with a sense of humor and has perspective towards it; he is emphasizing the influence of kind-hearted people – Polish teachers, his parents-in-law, who many times helped him to handle unfamiliar Polish reality.
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EN
The following article constitutes just another voice in a discussion on the social and cultural dimensions of remembrance and different relationships between different kinds of remembering and commemorating and biographical narration. On the basis of the subject literature and empirical materials, i.e. accounts of Macedonian refugees and re-emigrants from France who came to Lower Silesia after the Second World War, the author analyzes three levels of memory. They are the following: autobiographical memory seen from the angle of experience and narration, collective memory of a generation together with the concept of collective identity and the policy towards memory revealed mostly in different practices of commemorating.
EN
Władysław Ząbek was born and raised in France, in Pas-de-Calais department, as a child of Polish emigrants who had come to France looking for work. After the Second World War he returned to Wałbrzych in Poland together with his parents, where he still lives. Władysław Ząbek describes mostly his daily life in a mining town in the north of France, dominated by Polish immigrants, he speaks about a Polish school, friendly relationships and the lifestyle of Poles in France. A significant part of the account is dedicated to the years of war and Nazi occupation of France. The next stage of Władysław Ząbek’s life was his return to Poland, to post-war Lower Silesia, which at that time was a national and religious melting-pot. The account shows the difficult beginnings of life in the unknown homeland, issues of Wałbrzych’s reconstruction after the war, the housing situation but also about the habits of re-emigrants from France, who constituted a distinct group in the post-war Wałbrzych and the region. Another important fact in Ząbek’s account is the time of studies in Donieck in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic which he started following the advice of the headmaster of his secondary school. During his studies, Władysław participated in the Fifth World Festival of Youth and Students in Warsaw (1955) as a French interpreter. It was one of many significant events connected with his contact with France and the French language after his return to Poland proving that the childhood and teenage years spent in France had an impact on his life.
EN
The paper presents a biographical interview with Dr. Magdalena Rostworowska, an ethnographer and museologist, focusing on her professional experience. Her narrative gives us a valuable in sight into the development of the ethnological community in Wrocław with its main institutions: the Polish Ethnographic Atlas, the Polish Ethnological Society and the Ethnographical Museum, as well as the substantive dilemmas and choices of Polish ethnographers who began their research in post-war Lower Silesia.
EN
Local knowledge has been at the center of ethnologists’ interest since the time of Clifford Geertz. The search for a local interpretation of cultures, however, has not found a referencein what is essentially local – that is, regional education. In this area, the “classical type” of the local memory of the past (“region – nation”) is the dominant one, i.e. elements of regional education are at the same time important components of national identity. In the multicultural Lower Silesia, post-war regional education was a tool for propagandaof “the return of the Piast lands to the Motherland” and their “fusion” with the Motherland (i.e. cultural homogenization). Currently education about the region exists in a rudimentaryversion. Some teachers try to fill in these deficiencies, within the framework of their competences and capabilities, by carrying out additional projects with their students and bymaking use of the cultural and educational offer of cultural institutions. Animators associated with non-governmental organizations are also important initiators of such activities.The authors, based on the experience and activities of the Ważka Foundation, present examples of non-formal educational activities in which ethnology along with “localknowledge” and its narratives play a key role. Referring to their own experience, they also propose a bottom-up, participatory regional education, carried out in close contact with the field and with direct intergenerational transmission.
PL
Wiedza lokalna jest w centrum zainteresowania etnologów od czasów Clifforda Geertza. Poszukiwanie lokalnej interpretacji kultur nie znalazło jednak odniesienia w tym, co z istoty swojej jest lokalne – czyli edukacji regionalnej. W tym bowiem obszarze dominuje „typ klasyczny” lokalnej pamięci przeszłości, czyli „region – naród”, a więc elementy edukacji regionalnej są jednocześnie ważnymi komponentami tożsamości narodowej. Na wielokulturowym Dolnym Śląsku powojenna edukacja regionalna była narzędziem propagandy„powrotu ziem piastowskich do Macierzy” oraz ich z nią „zespolenia” (czyli homogenizacji kulturowej), obecnie zaś edukacja na temat regionu istnieje w wersji szczątkowej.Te braki starają się niekiedy uzupełniać sami nauczyciele, w ramach swoich kompetencji i możliwości realizując z uczniami dodatkowe projekty, również korzystając z oferty kulturalneji edukacyjnej instytucji kultury. Do małych miejscowości docierają też animatorzy związani z organizacjami pozarządowymi. Autorki, w oparciu o doświadczenie i działaniaFundacji Ważka, prezentują przykłady pozaformalnej działalności edukacyjnej, w której etnologia wraz z „wiedzą lokalną” i jej narracjami pełnią kluczową rolę. W nawiązaniu dowłasnych doświadczeń proponują również koncepcję edukacji regionalnej realizowanej oddolnie, partycypacyjnie, w bliskim kontakcie z terenem i bezpośrednim, międzypokoleniowymprzekazem.
PL
This article analyses the phenomenon of stenciled ceramics from Bolesławiec, a city in Lower Silesia, which was annexed to Poland after the Second World War. On the basis of theories from the field of cultural heritage, memory studies, and economics, the authors trace the discrepancy between the modern view of these ceramics and their social and historical biography. As a result, they propose the use of two new terms, “heritage with multiple heirs” and the “economy of (non)memory,” which would help people to understand this multidimensional phenomenon and would encompass the appropriation of cultural heritage, the negotiation of its meanings, and the role of cultural heritage in a neoliberal economy.
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