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1

METAL ARTEFACTS OF ZRUBNA/TIMBER-GRAVE CULTURE OF THE NORTH AZOV AREA AS CHRONOLOGICAL INDICATORS

100%
Zabavin V.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2022
|
vol. 70
|
issue 2
257 – 273
EN
The article deals with the problems of relative and absolute chronology of Zrubna/Timber-grave culture of the North Azov area of the Paleo-metallic epoch. It addresses successfully these questions to understand the regional specificities of the cultural-historical process, but also to correctly describe the nature of inter-regional connections in terms of their dynamics and direction. To date the Zrubna/Timber-grave culture we used the results of comparative-typological analysis. With a significant distance of the Northern Azov area from the centres of civilizations, such dating acquires the character of a multi-step procedure, the results of which directly depend on the accuracy of the construction of numerous typological comparisons. In determining the absolute dates of Zrubna/Timber-grave culture of the North Azov area, the author is mainly guided by the more adjusted chronological scales, constructed with the help of natural-scientific dating methods. To resolve questions of relative chronology and synchronization of horizons of Zrubna/Timber-grave culture in the North Azov area with the cultures of the Carpathian-Danube region the author used so-called chronological indicators – bronze and antimony products. This eventually made it possible to construct a version of the relative and absolute chronology scheme.
2

CULTURAL GENESIS AND THE FINAL FF ZRUBNA TIMBER-GRAVE CULTURE OF THE NORTH AZOV AREA (THE LATE BRONZE AGE)

63%
Zabavin V., Bulyk M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2020
|
vol. 68
|
issue 1
23 – 36
EN
The article is concerned with the cultural genesis of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture in the North Azov Area, its emergence in the area and the initial stage of development. The author provides historiographical overview of the problem and considers the main concepts of the genesis and the development of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture in the region under research. The article also describes a number of ritual and inventory features characterizing the initial burial sites of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture of the North Azov Area with Pokrovsk features. It was those sites that were recognized the earliest ones typical of the region’s timber-grave culture following the times of the burial sites of Babine Cultural Circle. As far as culture and history, the emergence of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture in the North Azov Area is associated with migration of Pokrovsk-type sites’ bearers from the Woodland Grass of the Don Area through the basin of the Siverskyi Donets with active participation of the autochthonous Babine population. The article also considers issues concerned with determining the upper chronological limits of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture on the territory of Left-Bank Ukraine and the North Azov Area, in particular the limits marking disappearance or transformation of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture into new formations of the final stage of the late Bronze Age.
3
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THE WOODEN BOWL I N THE PASTORALISTS’ CULTURE OF THE ZRUBNA/TIMBER-GRAVE ENTITY

63%
Zabavin V., Nebrat S.
Študijné zvesti
|
2024
|
vol. 71
|
issue 1
115 – 142
EN
The article presents the results of the study of the burial of the Zrubna/Timber-Grave entity (Late Bronze Age) from the mound near the village of Komyshuvate in the North Azov Area in the south of Donetsk Region of Ukraine. The article deals with issues related to some peculiarities of the material and spiritual culture of the ancient population of the Azov steppes, their social organization and funeral rites. Wooden utensils are a fairly rare category of funeral implements of the Bronze Age in Eastern Europe, which are fixed in the tombs by metallic elements. The analysis of the remains of a wooden vessel studied in the burial allowed us to make some observations on the technology of manufacturing this category of funerary equipment. This allowed us to approach the problem of social reconstruction. The presence of a wooden bowl with a metal figured enclosure in the burial is considered by the authors as a status sign marking the persons involved in ritual activities. The purpose and use of the application-decorated bowls had more than regular domestic significance.
4

EARLY BRONZE AGE HOARD OF COPPER JEWELLERY FROM BOJNÁ (WESTERN SLOVAKIA)

63%
Zabavin V., Nebrat S.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2024
|
vol. 72
|
issue 1
37 – 56
EN
The hoard of copper objects from Bojná, Topoľčany district in western Slovakia, on the eastern slope of the Považský Inovec Mountains fits within the chronological framework of the existence of Early Bronze Age tribes. Such items were most widespread in the late (transitional), Nitra-Únětice phase of the Nitra culture, with a gradual fading and disappearance of the tradition during the classical phase of the Únětice culture. In the absence of additional data, the find of copper objects at the Bojná settlement probably can be dated broadly on the basis of 14c data to the time interval 1930 – 1730 cal. BC. The analysis of burial materials from different archaeological cultures of Eastern Europe of the Bronze Age allows us to state the following: jewellery made of thin wire – spiral rings with open ends – are universal and multifunctional products, which in the context of funerary rites could be used just as bracelets or rings for hairstyles and headdresses. Apart from economic reasons (storage, concealment), ritual reasons for the burial of the hoard cannot be ruled out. It is possible that the items from the Bojná complex are not just a hoard of metal objects, but also the result of ritual-magical activities related to the manipulation of human hair.
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