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Richardson Affaire: Great Britain and the Tokugawa Bakufu 1862–1863

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Kodet R.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

2016

issue 1

42-59

After Japan was forced to open its ports to the western powers, by the threat of western navies, it was further compelled to sign unequal treaties with the Great Powers. This triggered a sonnō jōi movement led by young samurai, who criticized the ruling Tokugawa regime for its concessions to the foreigners. They therefore sought to expel the Westerners and close the country to their trade. Their second task was to bring the downfall of the shogunate and the restoration of the Imperial rule. In order to achieve this, many radical samurai mounted murderous attacks against the foreigners. One of the most serious of these incidents occurred in September 1862, when British merchant Charles Lennox Richardson was murdered by samurai from the Satsuma domain. Apart from the previous attacks this time the culprits could be identified. British minister to Japan Colonel Neale therefore demanded the punishment of the assailants and an indemnity from the bakufu for its inability to secure lives and safety of British nationals. The Tokugawa government tried to resist and resorted to delaying tactics because of its fear of internal impact, if it yielded. It was only after the British representatives demonstrated, that they are willing to use the naval forces at their disposal, that bakufu submitted.

Zrod a vývoj japonského imperialismu

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Kodet R.

Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

2018

vol. 10

issue 1

34-45

Japanese imperialism was an important factor of the policy in the Far East in the first half of the 20th century. Due to its victories in the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese war, Japan obtained a considerable empire on the Asian mainland. In this step it followed as the only Asian nation the European imperial countries. Japanese imperialism is therefore sometimes considered as an extension of the European one. On the other hand, Japanese overseas expansion was motivated by quite different reasons — especially by an effort to ensure national security. It also used completely different rhetoric of Pan-Asianism and anti-colonialism. The building of empire was perceived differently than the same process in European countries. The shape of Japanese imperialism was therefore quite distinct and had a completely different legacy as in the case of Europe.

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1 Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

1 Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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1 2016

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Richardson Affaire: Great Britain and the Tokugawa Bakufu 1862–1863

Zrod a vývoj japonského imperialismu