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1
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ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДИПЛОМАТІЇ У РАДІ БЕЗПЕКИ ООН (2016–2017 рр.)

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Martynov A.
Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки
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2018
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issue 27
EN
The paper deals with the activity of the Ukrainian diplomacy at the UN Security Council from 2016 to 2017, when Ukraine was a non-permanent member of the Security Council. The author analyzes problems of functional activity of the UN Security Council in the conditions of crisis of the international security system and Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. The main stages of confrontation on the issue of the UN peacekeeping operation in the Donbas and solution of the problems of restoring the territorial integrity of Ukraine are analyzes. The Security Council is charged with maintaining peace and security among countries. While other organs of the UN can only make recom- mendations to member states, the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter Article 25. The decisions of the Council are known as the United Nations Security Council resolutions. The Security Council is made up of fifteen member states, consisting of five permanent members — China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States — and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly. The five permanent members hold veto power over the UN Resolutions. The presidency of the Security Council rotates alphabetically each month. The UN, after approved by the Security Council sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms to peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are voluntary provided by member states.
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«М’ЯКА СИЛА» ЯК ПОЛІТИЧНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ (1990-ті – 20-ті рр. ХХІ ст.)

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Martynov A.
Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки
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2020
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issue 29
113-129
EN
"Soft power" is the ability to change someone else's values, ideas, interests. Successful use of "soft power" leads to a change in attitudes and behavior. "Soft power" can be seen as managing the mass consciousness by indirect means that do not encounter conscious resistance. "Soft power" resources belong to civil society networks. Following the British referendum on June 23, 2016, the EU's global power of influence diminished. Traditionally, the European Union is seen as a stable center of material wealth, high social status, social optimism and justice, spiritual and physical comfort. However, as a rule, they forget about the fact that there is no permanent dependence between subjective well-being and changes in economic conditions of life. Until now, European optimists are pushing European integration as the only effective answer to the challenges of globalization, while European pessimists have said that federal Europe would be too centralized, inflexible and wasteful. The European Union is not so much a generator of European peace, as its result. The EU has emerged as a unique conglomerate of democratic states. This is not a federation or collective bargaining agreement, and it is not a classic nation-state, and most importantly not an empire with a metropolis at its center. It is an experimental form of peace-based integration as a norm. Instead, the empire is usually a centralized militarized state, the possession of which is a conglomerate of national territories of subjugated peoples. The EU is a social institution that implements collective action based on democratic approval and consent to their adoption. Despite governance weaknesses, the EU remains an important layer of capital regulation in the face of three global crises: the financial, environmental and security crises
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ІСТОРІЯ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ: МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ТА ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ

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Martynov A.
Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки
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2017
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issue 26
EN
Modern theoreticians of Global History differ in opinion as to the definition of Globalization and up till now there is no single definition, which would satisfy most scientists. Some of them believe this phenomenon to be irreal because it is impossible to clearly separate it from other social processes and phenomena or because it do not has clearly defined place in the geographical space. In most cases Globalization are understood as: We are living today in an age of rapid globalization. Its pace has accelerated in the past several decades, particularly since the end of the Cold War. The main thrust for globalization involved a high degree of Westernization, it by no means resulted in homogenization but everywhere produced diverse responses to the West rooted in indigenous cultures. In fact, we have witnessed homogeneity resulting from processes of globalization and at the some time increasing heterogeneity. Globalization thus is extremely complex and variegated, on the one hand indeed leading to high degrees of homogeneity in economic organization, technological and scientific developments and even lifestyles following Western patterns, on the other hand to marked divergences from Western outlooks and practices and even to pronounced resistance to Western influences. In this article we intend to examine the transformation of historical thinking and writing within this larger global context. Globalization is realized in the form of bilateral, multilateral and collective relation. Global System is usually understood as hierarchically structurized integral complex of actors of international relation, which are interconnected by constant relations. Until the early 21th century the investigation of Global History was performed within a whole number of social science: philosophy, history, sociology, legal and economic sciences. The theory of globalization is a science, which tries to logically and reasonably interpret the most essential phenomena and processes as well as interrelation between them using its own methods. Conflict and cooperation are the most important manifestation of the state of international relations and logically proceed from structural peculiarities of current global system.
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HISTORICAL COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON THE EMPIRES AND CIVILIZATIONS: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND CONCEPTS

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Martynov A.
Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки
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2019
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issue 28
299-316
EN
The article analyses the system of international relations in the context of transformation of a unipolar world order, led by the United States, into a multipolar system. The globalization process actualized the problem of dialogue among cultures and civilizations as well as clash of civilizations. Questions of the correlation between the concepts of empire and local civilization remain somewhat debatable. Diverse types of empires have emerged as important political players over a prolonged period of time from modern to postmodern. Traditional empires with their economic, spiritual and cultural environment became history. The question remains about the relationship between globalization and intellectual imperialism. This recognised that the key issue is the introduction of information technologies and the globalization in cyberspace. Theories of globalization claim to be able to explain all the major changes occurring in today’s world. Hence, there are a host of competing interpretations of the new global society, due to which the idea of globalization has remained vague and failed to go beyond the general concepts of global imperia or global civilization. The materialist conception of history regards material production and people’s transforming activity as the basis of history, thereby shedding light on the objective laws of the development of human society, along with the sources and driving forces behind the history of the world. Globalization is defined as the integration of productive forces of humanity on a global scale, which constitutes the material basis for its worldwide unity, the unity of its history and societal development. Such consolidation becomes possible only after and due to the global expansion of modern capitalism.
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Перша світова війна в сучасній німецькомовній історіографії: теми й концептуальні ідеї досліджень

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Martynov A.
Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки
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2016
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issue 25
EN
The article concerns the topics and conceptual approaches of German historiography of World War I. The author analyses research papers focusing on origins of World War I, state of social institutions in war, fronts history, everyday life on the frontlines and in the rear, specifics of war propaganda, historical biography studies and postwar world. The article also describes World War I place in the collective memory of German-speaking nations. This war not only became the precursor of German Nazism, but also made the interwar period too short. Therefore historiosophical understanding of World War I lessons remains an important task of interdisciplinary socio-historical research.
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