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K otázce tzv. akuzativního se v češtině: pohled (nejen) diachronní

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Pergler J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2016
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vol. 77
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issue 2
102-122
EN
This article deals with the Czech reflexive form se and its categorization from both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. It is argued that in Old Czech, the reflexive was clearly a pronoun because it could be used in a number of contexts that are indicative of its having a syntactic function, e.g. in the context of coordination. Since then, however, the reflexive se has been gradually losing its pronominal nature, being replaced in pronominal contexts by the (originally genitive) form sebe. This process has not been completed yet, hence in contemporary Czech, the reflexive has both pronominal features and features of a morpheme/particle. It thus cannot be discretely categorized; such a categorization would be an inadequate oversimplification because it would necessarily ignore some of the features of the reflexive. Therefore, instead of asking whether the form se is a pronoun or a morpheme/particle in contemporary Czech, I try to answer the question of what pronominal and what non-pronominal features it has.
2
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K vyjadřování reciprocity v češtině: souvýskyt výrazu jeden - druhý s reflexivem

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Pergler J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2022
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vol. 105
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issue 4
189-206
EN
The article deals with the Czech reciprocal syntactic pattern characterized by the co-occurrence of the reflexive marker and the bipartite reciprocal marker jeden – druhý (with identical case marking) within one clause; this pattern has not been studied yet in the Czech linguistics. After a brief introduction to the field of reciprocity, the most detailed existing model of the Czech reciprocity (developed earlier within the framework of Functional Generative Description) is shortly summarized, highlighting the fact that this model does not take into consideration the pattern in question. Thereafter, linguistic data drawn from both a written and a spoken corpus are presented in order to document the pattern; the co-occurrence is attested most frequently with the dative reflexive form si, although sporadic attestations were found with all other case forms of the reflexive pronoun as well. Attention is also paid to the possibilities of the linguistic interpretation of the co-occurrence, considering also some related patterns (e.g. the mutual co-occurrence of two different forms of the reflexive) as well as the situation in other languages.
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K užívání recipročního výrazu jeden - druhý v současné češtině

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Pergler J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2024
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vol. 85
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issue 1
3-26
EN
The article deals with the use of the reciprocal marker jeden – druhý in contemporary Czech. As I show in the introductory section, although bipartite quantifiers of this type are quite common means of expressing reciprocity across languages, the situation in Czech has not been devoted much attention so far. I thus analyze 1000 randomly selected attestations of the expression jeden – druhý from the SYN2020 corpus, focusing on both their semantic and formal features, including reciprocal/non-reciprocal meaning, type of reciprocity, preposition and case marking of the expression druhý, type of syntactic subject, complexity of the phrase containing jeden/druhý and linearization preferences; correlations between these features are also pointed out. Based on the results of the analysis, I then give a description of five different types of contexts in which jeden – druhý is used and I argue that these structural types can be thought of as successive stages of a grammaticalization process leading to the emergence of reciprocal uses and their gradual spread to new types of contexts; this process includes typical features of grammaticalization such as the decrease in semantic compositionality and morphosyntactic transparency.
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