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Proměny časování a způsobu návratu matek do zaměstnání

100%
Hašková H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 2
40-52
EN
In a European comparison, the Czech Republic is one of the countries where motherhood has the biggest negative impact on women’s employment participation. Some researchers explain this situation as resulting from Czech mothers’ preferences for a long-term interruption to their labour market participation. Others stress that preferences are structurally and culturally embedded and identify barriers to the return of Czech mothers to the labour market. In this article, the author first introduces a critique of the theories that focus on preferences in work-life balance studies. Second, inspired by the critique and based on a representative survey of the Czech adult population from 2010 focused on life course histories, the author analyses changes in the length of women’s employment interruptions caused by motherhood since the 1950s and describes the current refamilization model applied in Czech society. Subsequent analysis of biographical interviews with mothers of small children provides an insight into their decision-making about returning to the labour market, and the analysis also shows that statistical evidence of the increase in the economic inactivity of Czech mothers often relates to their involvement in unpaid or unofficially paid economic activities. These strategies are the result of their structurally and culturally constrained decision-making and limited opportunities to achieve work-life balance. At the end of the day, these factors strengthen long-term gender inequalities in the society.
2
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Kdo plánuje jedináčka a kdo chce zůstat bezdětný? Faktory ovlivňující nízké reprodukční plány mužů a žen

63%
Hašková H., Pospíšilová K.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2020
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vol. 56
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issue 2
131-164
EN
Remaining childless or having just one child are two different experiences and each is attached to a different social status. However, they can also be viewed through a unifying lens as phenomena that contribute to low fertility. Theories that seek to explain low fertility often attribute both phenomena to the same causes. This article examines what factors are connected to a person’s intention to remain childless or to have just one child and whether it is possible to consider intentions to remain childless or have just one child as low-fertility plans caused by the same factors. Drawing on data from the Life Course 2010 survey and theories that seek to explain low fertility, logistic regressions are used to test what factors are connected to intentions to remain childless and what factors relate to intentions to have just one child. Some factors were founded to be linked to both intentions to remain childless and intentions to have just one child: an older age, a lower level of education, changing reproductive intentions, not having a partner, and less emphasis on the need to be parent to be fulfilled in life. Other factors were found to relate only to intentions to remain childless. Intentions to remain childless and intentions to have one child can thus be regarded as reproductive intentions that are underpinned by similar but not identical factors.
3
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Prekérní práce pečujících žen v kontextu ekonomické krize

63%
Dudová R., Hašková H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 2
19-32
EN
In this article the authors examine the forms and experiences of insecure and precarious work by Czech women caring for a child or a dependent family member. The results of a quantitative survey indicate that the share of caring women performing precarious work increased during the economic crisis. A secondary analysis of interviews conducted in 2006–2013 with women caring for a child or another family member offered insight into the forms precarious work can take and the ways women feel about this kind of work and why. It also demonstrated in what way, based on the capability approach, their explanations provide a better understanding of the nature and extent of precarious work among women with care responsibilities. We found that the ways caring women view ad-hoc work fit along a continuum, ranging from an optimal temporary strategy, to a temporary solution in the absence of other options, and finally to feelings of being caught in a precarious work trap. This continuum can be extrapolated into a kind of ‘collective story’: a woman first ‘chooses’ ad-hoc work as a temporary strategy to get a job; if her life conditions are difficult she must continue to perform such work against her preferences; after a long period of economic inactivity or of performing just temporary work, the woman is ultimately unable to find any secure form of employment, even if she is no longer restricted by care responsibilities – she ends up trapped in precarious work.
4
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Diskursy, instituce a praxe péče o děti do tří let ve francouzsko-české komparativní perspektivě

63%
Dudová R., Hašková H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2010
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vol. 11
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issue 2
36-47
EN
The article offers a comparison of the development of institutions of care for children under three in France and in the Czech Republic. It explains the differences in the forms of institutions, policies and the level of state support with the use of comparative analysis of discourses of childcare, existing since the end of the Second World War in the two countries under study. Especially expert discourses were found to have important role in the development of the institutions and policies: psychological discursive framings had strong influence on the public discourse, on political decisions as well as on the resulting form of institutions. While in France, mainly empirically-oriented psychologists and pedagogues entered the debate, in the Czechoslovakia /Czech Republic the discursive arena was dominated by clinical psychologists and paediatricians. Also other influential factors were identified, such as economic situation, political actors, social movements; and sequencing of events; but the expert discourse was proved to be crucial for the understanding of the divergent development of childcare institutions in the two countries.
5
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Kvantitativní a kvalitativní přístupy ve výzkumu životních drah

63%
Hašková H., Dudová R.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2014
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vol. 8
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issue 1
5-24
EN
Despite the growing number of statistical analyses of life-history data and a long tradition of biographical research, there is often no communication between these two streams of life-course research. It is possible to examine the life course quantitatively through life histories, which may be used to model synthetic biographies in order to reveal patterns in the timing and sequencing of life events, the durations of states between them, and the causal links between them. It is also possible to examine the life course qualitatively through life stories, e.g. biographical narratives, which reflect how persons understand, experience and attach meaning to events and states in their life. Through a quantitative analysis of life-history data we can describe and explain the morphology of particular events in the observed population, while a qualitative analysis of biographical narratives provides insight into people’s decision-making, perceptions of their options, and how they attach meanings to and experience events. This article summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, explains in which sense they are connected or differentiated from each other, what data and analyses each perspective may utilize, and briefly introduces one type of mixed methods life course research that utilizes the complementarity of both approaches.
6
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Zdravotní znevýhodnění, gender a vzdělání na trhu práce v intersekcionální perspektivě

51%
Křížková A., Hašková H., Pospíšilová K.
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research
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2018
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vol. 19
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issue 2
102-134
EN
The complex nature of the social position of people with disabilities in the Czech labour market is under-researched. Intersectionality is a useful perspective that stresses the socio-contextual, as opposed to the individualist, nature of disability. It explores the dynamics of the interactions between the systems of inequality that create diverse barriers and opportunities in access to employment and to good working conditions for people with disabilities. Using an intersectional perspective, binary logistic regression, and a thematic analysis of interviews with men and women with disabilities and interviews with people working in organisations that support people with disabilities, we set out to answer the following questions: (1) Are people who assess their health as worse more at risk of potentially precarious work than people who assess their health as better, and what other factors contribute to this? (2) How is the risk of precarious work perceived by people with disabilities and how is their experience shaped by various sources of disadvantage? Intergroup intersectional analysis shed light on the systems of inequality and the interactions between them that leave disabled persons more vulnerable to contractual precarity. Intragroup intersectional analysis helped provide a contextual understanding of how gender and education together structure the access of people with disabilities to decent and secure employment, focusing on access to paid work and contractual conditions and remuneration.
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