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EN
This paper details the phenomena, activities and events in the field of technical museology in the Czech-speaking parts of the socialist Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1989 which shaped or reflected the theoretical understanding of the museum as a phenomenon. The second part is an in-depth analysis of the participation of its leading figures in the university teaching of museology, the activities of international museum organizations and the views of prominent Czech museologists on museums of technical type.
EN
This paper discusses the phenomena, activities and events related to technical museology in the Czech parts of the Communist Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1989 which influenced the contemporary understanding of museums as a phenomenon or reflected the fundamental nature thereof. Using a focused sample approach, we analyse the period ideas on the nature and mission of technical museology, the participation of its representatives in the research on the history of collecting and museum studies and audience research.
EN
Severing Original Roots or Kicking Off the International Prestige of a New Field?: Normalisation and Its Influence on the Formation of Czechoslovak Museology
EN
Ethnographic material, as a research topic, appeared in Czech museums as early as at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, as a direct result of the Czechoslavic Ethnographic Exhibition (Prague 1895). However, it was more intensively reflected only after 1918, especially in connection with the support to regional research into folk culture (e.g. D. Stránská, A. Václavík) and with the promotion of general museological principles (L. Lábek, J. F. Svoboda). The phenomenon was, however, grasped in a more comprehensive way only with the onset of Communist rule. The specific environment of that time created suitable conditions for unique concepts which sought to closely interconnect theory and practice and which were thematically focussed on collectioncreating, presentation and educational activities of museums. The research interest was divided into two main lines. The first one featured efforts to analyse authentic movable material (L. Kunz, H. Johnová, R. Suk); the second stream worked with a broader concept of the ethnographic collection object in which it included building and natural elements, while it strongly emphasised intangible cultural heritage (J. Langer, J. Štika). The work of Josef Beneš, who attempted to create a coherent system, called ethnographic museology, based on existing knowledge had a special position.
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