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The French Aspects in the Education Pattern of the Polish Nobility in the Seventeenth Century

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Serwański M.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2019
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issue 19
55-64
EN
The pattern of education of the Polish noble youth in the seventeenth century changed in comparison with the preceding century. In the latter, the mul-tinational, multicultural and multidenominational nature of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth nurtured attitudes of widely understood tolerance both in terms of ideology and in practice. Poland was receptive to strong Re-naissance influence, while numerous sons of the Polish nobles studied abroad, mainly in Italy but also in Germany and France. The education system in the Jagiellonian monarchy of reflected the trends and the ideals of contemporary European education. The seventeenth century saw increased influence of the Counter-Reformation in the Nobles’ Commonwealth. The ideas of Sarmatism, embracing xenophobia, religiosity and self-glorification of the existing, petrified political system, became more pro-nounced. These tendencies were broadly present in the pattern of the educa-tion of nobility, a pattern that was prone to strong Jesuit influence in the spirit of the doctrine laid down by the Council of Trent.
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Rola Marii Kazimiery w stosunkach polsko-francuskich w czasach panowania Jana III Sobieskiego

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Serwański M.
Prace Historyczne
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2019
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vol. 146
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issue 2
509-516
EN
Queen Marie Casimire played an important role in the Polish-French relations. The article analyzes each stage of the political relationship between the two countries during Marie Casimire’s stay in Poland. She played a significant, and largely decisive, role during the election of 1674. The queen’s influence was also an important factor in the making of the treaty of Jaworów. The friendly relationship between the Commonwealth and France changed in 1678 due to a combination of reasons. The Commonwealth reoriented her foreign policy to adopt an anti-French stance, as ultimately confirmed by the Treaty of the Holy League. It is also important to take note of the personalities and actions of the French ambassadors in Warsaw. The last one, Polignac, acted in cooperation with the queen towards reorienting the foreign policy and assuring an election of a pro French candidate, but he was unsuccessful on both counts.
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