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EN
The purpose of this work is to characterise the cooperative bank sector’s strengths, weaknesses, chances and threats identified by its representatives in Poland, as well as to determine desirable changes in the organisation and functioning of cooperative banks. In analytical terms, the assessments and conclusions were based on presentations and panel discussions of participants of the Forum of Cooperative Bank Leaders, which was held in Warsaw on 17–18 September 2019. It was concluded on the basis of the analysis that although cooperative banks are aware of their weaknesses and strengths as well as they see chances and threats for their operations, they clearly lack consensus on the shape and joint actions in the scope of the development of a new business model. The greatest expectations of these banks are connected with the development of electronic economy and digitisation, which requires considerable financial outlays and organisational effort. The key problem is the insufficient level of integration and cooperation within associations functioning and among them, as well as lack of willingness – even reluctance – of many banks to change the existing model. Greater integration of all entities in the cooperative bank sector is the necessary condition for the improvement of banks’ operations and their further development.
PL
Celem opracowania jest analiza bezpośrednich i pośrednich konsekwencji pandemii COVID-19 dla polskiego sektora bankowego. Analizie poddano działania mające na celu zachowanie zdolności sektora bankowego do finansowania gospodarki podejmowane przez rząd, bank centralny, nadzór bankowy oraz banki, a także dokonano analizy sytuacji finansowej sektora bankowego w okresie poprzedzającym Covid-19 i po pierwszych antycovidowych działaniach. Działania i interwencje antykryzysowe znalazły odzwierciedlenie w sytuacji finansowej banków już w pierwszym miesiącu ich wprowadzenia, m.in.: poprzez zwiększenie odpisów na rezerwy na należności, wzrost pozostałych kosztów operacyjnych czy znaczny spadek należności z tytułu instrumentów dłużnych. Ten ostatni na skutek dostarczenia przez bank centralny dodatkowej płynności bankom. Niestety wbrew oczekiwaniom zwiększenia dostępności kredytów – banki zaostrzyły politykę kredytową i skupiły się głównie na finansowaniu swoich dotychczasowych klientów mających jedynie przejściowe problemy finansowe wywołane COVID-19. Wyjaśnieniem tego jest m.in. brak bodźców finansowych dla banków neutralizujących wzrost ryzyka i kosztów działalności w warunkach pandemii (np. fiskalnych), a jednocześnie istnienie takich preferencji dla skarbowych papierów wartościowych.
EN
The aim of the study is to analyze the direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the Polish banking sector. We analyzed activities aimed at maintaining the banking sector’s ability to finance the economy undertaken by the government, central bank, banking supervision, and banks in Poland, as well as assessed the financial situation of the banking sector in the period preceding Covid-19 and shortly thereafter. We found that anti-crisis measures and interventions were reflected in the financial situation of banks in the first month of their introduction, among others, by a rise in write-offs for provisions for receivables, an increase in other operating costs, or a significant decrease in receivables from debt instruments. The latter being due to the central bank providing additional liquidity to banks. Unfortunately, contrary to the expectations for increased credit availability, banks tightened their lending policy and focused mainly on financing their existing clients who had only temporary financial problems caused by COVID-19. One possible explanation for this is a lack of financial incentives for banks that neutralize an increase in risk and operating costs amid the pandemic (e.g. fiscal), despite the existence of such preferences for Treasury securities.
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