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EN
The subject matter of this article is the adverb mimowolnie, which I compare with such expressions as mimo woli and odruchowo. However the aim of the discussion is to establish the semantic difference between these adverbs. In the article, I attempt to justify the hypothesis that the semantic relation between them is similar to the one noticed by A. Wierzbicka, in her work from 1969, where she ephasizes the non-identicaliyu of subjects in such sentences as Adam waży 70kg. and Adam jest dobry. (Wirzbicka 1969: 62, 63). In order to prove the hypothesis proposed, I demonstrate the semantic restrictions imposed by the lexical unit mimowolnie on verbs (e.g. perceptual verbs), and then I try to explain what they stem from. At the end of the article, I put forward the thesis that the adverb mimowolnie contains, in its semantic structure, an explicitly specified object of activity, which is one's own body and that it designates the agent's attitude toward his or her body that is performing the given activity.
EN
The article deals with the contemporary meaning of the adverb mimochodem 'in passing/casually'. After a brief disciussion of semantic changes within this unit, the synchronic analysis is presented. Appropriate contextual analysis of the adverb mimochodem shows that it collocates only with some verbs of saying. Numerous semantic restrictions suggest that the lexical unit mimochodem places specific speech acts within more general speech events. In the conclusion of the article, the author proposes to capture the relevant semantic properties of the discussed adverb by means of appropriate semantic explication.
EN
The article discusses lexical units chcąc nie chcąc and mimo woli, which are used in contemporary Polish. Firstly, the author justifies why she considers chcąc nie chcąc and mimo woli as lexical units. Later, she describes features of the expressions under discussion by showing restrictions in their lexical collocations. Among other things, the author investigates whether there is a component communicating necessity in the expression chcąc nie chcąc and whether the unit mimo woli refers to a moment preceding the initation of an action. The analysis conducted in the article shows that when we describe an activity with the expression mimo woli, we declare that somebody did not decide on initating it. Whereas the expression chcąc nie chcąc, states that something caused a given action and that it was not the will of the person who initiated it to do so. At the end of the article, the author presents the semantic explications of the expressions studied.
EN
Lexical units mimo woli i mimowolnie, functioning in the modern polish, are object of this article. Tidying up of certain historical facts concerning these two adverbs (and preposition mimo) helped with formulating hypothesis concerning it saying, that unit mimo woli semantically most probably derives from adverb mimowolnie. It “inherits” after it feature, which I am calling the identity of subjects, and which is for it, as for lexical unit, constitutive. The look at the history of studied expressions served also explaining, where from one of mistakes turning up at definitions of unit mimo woli is getting down. Majority of dictionary definitions of this expression - apart from the row of phrases close in meaning for the individual defined – contains the structure ‘wbrew woli’. Before preposition "mimo" meant both ‘bez’ as well as ‘wbrew’ – where in second from these meanings doesn't form the lexical unit with the noun a "wola", what's more, in our times isn't appearing in this meaning even in structures. By it today there is functioning a structure "wbrew woli". Appearance of the ‘wbrew woli’ in definitions of the adverb used in the contemporary Polish "mimo woli" most probably results from assigning to him the former significance – from the time, when wasn't still lexical unit.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są funkcjonujące we współczesnej polszczyźnie jednostki mimo woli i mimowolnie. Uporządkowanie pewnych faktów historycznych dotyczących tych dwu przysłówków (a także przyimka mimo) pomogło w sformułowaniu hipotezy mówiącej, że tożsamość podmiotów w znaczeniu mimo woli s e m a n t y c z n i e pochodzi od przysłówka mimowolnie. Spojrzenie na historię badanych wyrażeń posłużyło również wyjaśnieniu, skąd bierze się jeden z błędów pojawiających się w definicjach jednostki mimo woli. Większość słownikowych definicji tego wyrażenia – oprócz szeregu wyrażeń bliskoznacznych jednostce definiowanej – zawiera konstrukcję ‘wbrew woli’. Dawniej przyimek mimo znaczył zarówno ‘bez’ jak i ‘wbrew’ – z tym, że w drugim z tych znaczeń nie zleksykalizował się i nie tworzy jednostki języka z rzeczownikiem wola, co więcej, współcześnie nie występuje w tym znaczeniu nawet w konstrukcjach. Funkcjonuje za to dzisiaj konstrukcja wbrew woli. Pojawienie się komponentu ‘wbrew woli’ w definicjach używanego we współczesnej polszczyźnie przysłówka mimo woli wynika najprawdopodobniej z przypisywania jemu dawnego znaczenia – z czasu, gdy nie był jeszcze jednostką.
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