In this article, I discuss how masculinity is constructed in Old Icelandic Egils saga and Njáls saga through various kinds of unmanliness (impotence, lack of facial hair, baldness, effeminacy, cowardice, old age). Both sagas demonstrate the restrictiveness of gender roles in medieval Iceland and how men become their captives. The ideal of masculinity is so exaggerated that it becomes oppressive, because everything may be used against men. It leads to failed marriages and feuds. However, Egils saga’s and Njáls saga’s treatment of gender is critical.
The article deals with William Morris’s interest in Old Norse-Icelandic literature, a significant source of subjects for many of his original poems, in particular Lovers of Gudrun and Sigurd the Volsung. Initially, Morris was finding his inspiration in English abstracts and translations of Old Norse texts, but the year he met Icelandic scholar Eiríkr Magnússon was a real turning point. Morris and Magnússon are credited with a tremendous number of English translations of the Icelandic sagas (The Saga Library cycle; six volumes). They visited Iceland and some places related to Íslendingasögur as well.
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