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ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ УСПЕШНОСТИ ВНУТРЕННИХ РЕГИОНОВ СТРАН ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА

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Komarova V., Selivanova-Fyodorova N., Lonska Y.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

2020

issue 1

30-54

The purpose of this article is to study the performance of the internal regions of the EU countries in a broader sense than economic performance. The Human Development Index (HDI) is suitable as a tool for measuring the performance of regions, since its methodology is based on the idea that it is not economic growth in itself, but people and their capabilities that should be determining criteria for assessing the performance of territories. The object of this study is the internal (functional) regions of the EU member states. In turn, the subject of the study is the regularities in the performanceís differentiation of the object of study. To achieve the goal of this article, the authors studied the form and degree of differentiation of the internal regions of the countries of the European Union in terms of their performance measured by the HDI. The study was carried out by checking the correspondence to the Gaussian curve of the distribution of regions according to the probabilities of the average HDI values, as well as by analyzing the degree of differentiation of the internal regions of the European Union countries according to the HDI using the coefficient of variation. The source of empirical information for this study is the database of subnational HDI for the period from 1990 to 2017, created by the Global Data Lab of Radboud University (Netherlands). An analysis of the distribution parameters of the internal regions of the European Union countries (with an emphasis on Latvia and Poland) and the United States (for comparison) on the subnational HDI for the period from 1990 to 2017, as well as an assessment of its [distribution] correspondence to the Gaussian curve, showed that the performanceís differentiation of the internal regions of the EU countries graphically corresponds to the Gaussian curve, i.e. has the form of a normal distribution, while the most successful are almost always the capital regions. In turn, the trajectory of changes in the degree of performance’s differentiation of the internal regions of the countries of the modern EU takes the form of an inverted U-shaped curve, i.e. the differences in the performance of the regions in the territorial space that the EU is now, increased during the last 28 years in the period of collapse of the East European socialist bloc in the early 1990s, and then decreased as the regions adapted to the new conditions of independence and market economy. Thus, the performance’s differentiation of the internal regions of the EU countries over the past three decades was not chaotic, but occurred in accordance with certain regularities empirically proven by the authors for the first time both on an unchanged sample of 278 regions of the EU member states for 2018 and for “cleaned” sample of the internal regions of the EU countries, taking into account the year of their joining the European Union.

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ УРОВНЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В СТРАНАХ МИРА И ИХ РЕГИОНАХ

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Selivanova-Fyodorova N., Komarova V., Vasserman Y., Tutaeva D.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

2018

issue 2

73-102

The main research issue within the framework of this article is the following: what happens to human development in countries of the world and their regions which are beyond the average indicators, and why it happens this way but not the other? The authors have tried to answer this question with the help of combining the diachronic and synchronic analyses of the Human Development Index’s growth and state of differentiation in the world countries in the period 1990-2017, as well as the Historical Index’s of Human Development growth and state of differentiation in the world countries in the period 1870ñ2015, and the Sub-national Human Development Index’s growth and state of differentiation in the internal regions of the EU member countries (with the emphasis on Latvia), and the USA (for comparison) in the period 1990-2017. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the differentiation of the human development level in countries of the world and their regions with the help of three indices using a common methodological approach. This kind of parallel analysis allows the authors carrying out a more systematic study into peculiarities of a social and economic phenomenon of human development both in the modern world and in the 150-year old historical perspective. The research outcomes showed that: the average human development level is steadily growing, and in the modern world it dramatically exceeds the average HDI which was achieved 150 years ago; the state of differentiation of the human development level in the world is gradually decreasing over the last 150 years; the HDI distribution in the world countries at each time point of the period under study starting from the second half of the 20th century corresponded to the Gauss curve; in the modern world, the level of human development has a normal distribution on sub-national level too (for instance, between internal regions of the EU countries), and metropolitan areas are almost always the leaders of human development; in Latvia, despite the constant increase in the human development level on average in the country and in its regions, the distribution of the HDI itself between Latvia’s internal regions remains normal, which is also typical for internal regions of the United States. The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) according to the research project 18-011-00548.

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2 Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

2 Komarova V.

2 Selivanova-Fyodorova N.

1 Lonska Y.

1 Tutaeva D.

1 Vasserman Y.

1 2020

1 2018

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ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ УСПЕШНОСТИ ВНУТРЕННИХ РЕГИОНОВ СТРАН ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ УРОВНЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В СТРАНАХ МИРА И ИХ РЕГИОНАХ