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1

EPIDÉMIE, PANDÉMIE A SPOLOČNOSŤ

100%
Uhrin M.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
|
2021
|
vol. 28
|
issue 1
8 – 20
EN
The increase of infectious diseases among humans dates to about 12 000 years BC and is associated with the transition from hunting and gathering as a dominant substitution strategies towards agriculture and the sedentary way of life. However, diseases and infections plague human species for much longer period. Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that some diseases are „as old as humanity itself“. Infectious diseases have been one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality throughout history of humankind. The paper aims to introduce the main approaches to the scientific study of pandemics and epidemics. The author considers some of their evolutionary, historical, social and cultural aspects. Special attention is paid to the related conspiracy theories. The author argues that understanding these aspects can help to manage the course of pandemics and epidemics in the future.
2

STARORODIČOVSTVO Z EVOLUČNEJ PERSPEKTÍVY

100%
Uhrin M.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2020
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vol. 68
|
issue 1
68 - 83
EN
Humans belong to the few species in which females and males live for a relatively long time after the end of their reproductive period. In this paper, I present theoretical concepts explaining the relatively long post-reproductive life span of humans and the menopause: the grandmother hypothesis and the diet, intelligence and longevity model (also known as the embodied capital model). The grandmother hypothesis, offering an evolutionary explanation of the menopause, shows that throughout most of the human history, childrearing has been a cooperative endeavour. In all societies across the world, mothers, fathers, grandparents, and other family members cooperate in networks consisting of kin and non-kin in order to assist with childrearing. The paper also argues how ethnographic research can contribute to the testing of evolutionary theories of grandparenthood in contemporary societies.
3

ÚLOHA NÁBOŽENSKÝCH EXPERTOV VO VYSVETLENÍ NÁBOŽENSKÉHO SPRÁVANIA LAIKOV

100%
Uhrin M.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
|
2018
|
vol. 25
|
issue 2
40 – 63
EN
The paper pays attention to an important aspect of religious practice - how people interpret their behaviour in relation to the expert ´s statements. I interpret the ethnographic data from perspective of the selected cognitive theories. In particular, I use the concept of traditional discourse and the theory of two modes of religiosity. The data were collected during ethnographic research in 3 villages situated in eastern Slovakia (2013), in central Slovakia (2015), and in western Slovakia (2017). I explore how non-experts address religious expert ś statements, attitudes, and behaviour when they explain their own attitudes and behaviour in religious sphere. I consider domains of life in which the expert ´s statements and behaviour are not relevant for layperson ś religious attitudes and actions and can even be interpreted negatively. I also address differences in explanations of religious expert ś and layperson ś attitudes. I argue that laypersons explain their attitudes and actions with reference to religious expert´s statements not only in domains of religion-related activities.
4

FYZICKÁ ATRAKTIVITA A VÝBER DLHODOBÉHO PARTNERA

100%
Uhrin M.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
|
2017
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vol. 24
|
issue 1
41 – 67
EN
The presented work is dedicated to the evolutionarily developed reproductive strategies in humans. The paper is dedicated to declared preferences when choosing a long-term mate. It deals with the topic of physical attractiveness in the context of the selection of a long-term partner. In this regard it focuses on the degree of relevance and importance attributed by informants to physical attractiveness when choosing a long-term partner. The main theoretical basis of the work is evolutionary anthropology and evolutionary psychology. The most important finding is that the declared preferences of respondents are consistent with theoretical claims of evolutionary psychology. Men consider physical attractiveness as more important than women when choosing a long-term partner. The research was carried out in the urban environment in Bratislava and city located in the central part of Slovakia. The research sample consisted of students of high schools and universities.
5

POSTOJE MAJORITY NA SLOVENSKU K RÓMSKEJ MENŠINE

63%
Lešková D., Uhrin M.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
|
2020
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1
71 – 92
EN
The paper pays attention to the attitudes of people belonging to the majority population of Slovakia toward an ethnic minority of Roma people. The data presented in the paper were collected during the ethnographic research in 2015 in a village located in central Slovakia, in Horehronie region. After presenting the results of the data analysis we outline a theoretical framework, which could be used in designing a future field research. We suggest that the concept of symbolic classifications by Mary Douglas (2003, 2014) and the theory of moral emotions developed by a cultural psychologist Jonathan Haidt (2003) can be combined and implemented. We focus in particular on the group of other-condemning moral emotions.
6

DOBROVOĽNÍCTVO V ČASE PANDÉMIE COVID-19: ETNOGRAFICKÁ PRÍPADOVÁ ŠTÚDIA

63%
Cichová K., Uhrin M.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
|
2023
|
vol. 30
|
issue 2
91 – 101
EN
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost all aspects of societies across the world. However, its impact on volunteering and people's motivations to volunteer is still a relatively unexplored area. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it became evident that volunteers can contribute to a well-functioning society in a variety of ways. Volunteers around the world have helped others by activities such as sewing masks or shopping for the elderly, or by encouraging fellow citizens to follow anti-pandemic measures. Many surveys have shown the importance of the involvement of community volunteers and organizations as a support to the community in times of humanitarian crisis or disaster. And although research on volunteering in Slovak ethnology has been of interest, the question of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volunteering in Slovakia has not yet received much systematic attention. Based on the results from ethnographic research, the text aims to outline how volunteers from the I'm Here for You program, operating in the Slovak capital Bratislava, reflected the changes brought about by the pandemic concerning volunteering, while attention is also given to the impact of pandemic-related constraints on motivations to volunteer.
7

ROLE OF SUBTLE SIGNALS LINKED TO RELIGIOUS RITUALS IN THE EVALUATION OF NEWCOMERS BY A VILLAGE COMMUNITY

63%
Uhrin M., Bužeková T.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2022
|
vol. 70
|
issue 2
210 – 227
EN
The purpose of the paper is to explore the role of religious rituals in assessing the behaviour of new people who come to live in their locality. It presents ethnographic data collected in a village in western Slovakia to demonstrate that participation in rituals plays an important role in the old settlers’ descriptions of newcomers. To interpret their statements, we refer to the signalling theory which was applied in the cognitive and evolutionary approach to the study of socio-cultural phenomena. Empirical work in this field has shown that participation in low-frequency and high-cost religious rituals is perceived as an honest signal of group commitment. We argue that if such rituals are absent in a particular locality, then trustworthiness, commitment to the group, and compliance with group norms are communicated by other types of signal, in particular high-frequency low-cost subtle signals, such as participating in various activities related to religious life, in particular regular religious rituals. This paper is a preliminary study which aims to draw attention to subtle religious signals in particular socio-cultural settings.
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