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1
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Collectivization and nationalization of agriculture in Czechoslovakia : changes of rural landscape - and namescape?

100%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
|
2019
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vol. 60
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issue 1
130-137
EN
The article investigates how the political changes (namely the suppression of the individual ownership of land) and the subsequent changes of the landscape influenced the change of the “namescape” in rural localities in the Czech Republic. The analysed data come from the survey of non-settlement names from the territory of Bohemia, organized in the years 1963–1980. In many localities, the new tracts of land came into existence no sooner than in this period, therefore this survey enables us to trace their names in statu nascendi, in the course of their being formed. The names of the newly created tracts of land often had many variants, they were not regularly used, and generally they displayed many traits of instability. The situation strongly differed from one locality to another. In some villages no large tracts of land could come into existence due to hard terrain conditions. In some localities, all the names of the new tracts of land are formed by adoption of the original field names without any changes.
CS
Článek se zabývá vlivem politických změn (konkrétně potlačením individuálního vlastnictví půdy) a následných proměn krajiny na pomístní jména v českých venkovských lokalitách. Analyzovaný materiál pochází ze soupisů pomístních jmen z území Čech z let 1963–1980. V mnoha obcích vznikaly nové hony až v tomto období, díky soupisům proto může sledovat jejich jména in statu nascendi, v okamžiku jejich vzniku. Jména nově vytvořených honů často měla mnoho variant, nebyla užívána pravidelně a celkově byla velmi nestabilní. Situace se velmi lišila lokalitu od lokality. V některých obcích rozlehlé hony nemohly vzniknout kvůli obtížným terénním podmínkám. V některých lokalitách vznikla všechna pojmenování honů převzetím původních názvů polí bez jakýchkoli změn.
2
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Psaní velkých písmen u toponym v češtině: polemický pohled:

100%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
|
2020
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vol. 61
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issue 2
417-439
EN
The article points out the most striking problems of the Czech codification of capitalisation in toponyms in which disagreement with onomastic theory is displayed. The first part of the paper focuses on capitalisation in prepositional toponyms, mostly street names. According to the new codification, valid since 1993, in prepositional toponyms the word following the preposition should be always written with a capital letter. This rule has not been respected by some local authorities (including the Prague municipal authority) or by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre. The second part, forming the core of the paper, argues against the theory of the so-called generic and proper-name component of a naming unit which is used for explaining the principles of codification of proper names’ capitalisation. According to the author, this theory is in contradiction with onomastic principles. The last (and shortest) part deals with capitalisation in toponyms containing two subsequent adjectives. The character of the paper is polemical; it points at the inconsistency of the current codification of proper names’ capitalisation in Czech, as well as recent treatises on this topic. The aim of the paper is not to provoke an instant and impetuous codification change, but to stimulate a discussion on this topic.
3
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Ke změnám českých oikonym v letech 1996-2017

100%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
|
2018
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vol. 59
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issue 1
215-226
EN
The article analyses the official changes of the names of municipalities and their parts in the years 1996-2017. 59 changes were recorded; an absolute majority of these changes involve minor formal alterations of the existing names, consisting of minor phonological changes (mostly changes in the vowel quantity), adding a distinctive attribute (or its deletion), etc. Most of the changes, which are made without any opinion of onomasticians or other linguists, are unproblematic from the onomastic point of view. However, some of them (mostly those based on a folk etymology of the name) are disputable, or even entirely unsuitable. Special attention is paid to an exceptional case of changing the place name Táborská to Vlastislav. This is the only case of a change of an oikonym to a form that has no relationship to the original name. Before 2016, the toponym Táborská belonged to a part of the municipality of Hazlov in the westernmost part of Bohemia. This locality (originally Seichenreuth) obtained its Czech name after the World War II, when a majority of the original German names were changed after the displacement of German inhabitants from Sudetenland. In the late 1940s, the local representatives tried to enforce the name Vlastislav for the given village; the motivation of this name was political: it was to express relations to the homeland - "vlast". This name was not approved by the toponymical committee, and the village finally got a new name Táborská in 1961. However, the name Vlastislav was not forgotten in the locality: in 2016, the local authority decided to rename Táborská to Vlastislav and this change came into effect immediately.
4
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Výklady místních jmen na oficiálních webových stránkách obcí

100%
Štěpán P.
Národopisný věstník
|
2022
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vol. 63
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issue 2
464-482
EN
The paper analyses interpretations of place names on the official websites of Czech municipalities. Not only folk etymology, but also quoting official scientific etymologies is investigated. Relationships between the individual interpretations of a toponym are examined. Interpretations on websites often depart directly from folk etymologies, sometimes borrowed from municipal chronicles. On the other hand, some websites present official scientific interpretations or they even refer to authorities in the field of linguistics. The scientific interpretation is often compared to the folk one, often stating which one is considered to be more probable. However, folk etymologies are sometimes preferred to scientific interpretations. Folk interpretations may be based on important factual knowledge, for example awareness of the older form of the toponym, but this does not assure the correctness of the interpretation.
5
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Tvoření detoponymických urbanonym (na příkladu urbanonymie hlavního města Prahy)

100%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
|
2011
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vol. 52
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issue 1
160-178
EN
On the example of the Prague urbanonymy, the paper analyses the formation of street names derived from toponyms. It has been shown that not all names of the analysed category are derived using the most usual suffix -ská and its variants. Also the suffixes -ná, -ní, -ová and -ova are occasionally used in the formation of detoponymic urbanonyms. A number of urbanonyms is derived from toponyms by a zero suffix. Some street names have been formed using irregural, unusual means of derivation. Besides the suffixation, also composition of urbanonyms is devoted some attention in the paper. The use of prefixation (combined with derivation) is rare in the analysed material, as well as the creation of multiple-word names.
6
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Nová pražská detoponymická urbanonyma

100%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2012
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vol. 53
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issue 1
295-307
EN
The paper analyses the motivation and functions of the detoponymic urbanononyms that came into existence between the years 1998 and 2011. The analysed names of streets and other public places in Prague are classified into four basic categories: (1) names with an orientation function, (2) names with a commemorative function, (3) names with a systemic function, (4) names expressing proprietary relationships. Unlike the names formed in the preceding periods, these newer names do not display many deviations from the usual form of detoponymic urbanonyms. This fact enables the author to devote more attention to the motivation of the individual names, though the form is also analysed within the individual motivation categories.
7
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Adjektiva utvořená t-ovými příponami v pomístních jménech v Čechách

100%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2009
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vol. 50
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issue 1
176-188
EN
The article provides an analysis of adjectives formed by the suffixes -atý, -natý, -ovatý, -itý, and -ovitý occurring in the minor place-names in Bohemia. The adjectives are divided into several semantic groups, in each of which the adjectives formed by the individual suffixes are dealt with. The geographical distribution of the minor placenames including the analysed adjectives is illustrated by several maps.
8
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Pomístní jména v Čechách utvořená sufixy -ina a -inka z propriálních základů

100%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2007
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vol. 48
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issue 1
156-164
EN
The paper discusses the derivation of Bohemian minor place-names from the proper nouns by the suffixes -ina and -inka. Both of these suffixes are used for formation of minor-place names from anthroponyms, the suffix -ina also from toponyms (though this type of formation is rather rare). The geographic distribution of the analysed types of minor place-names is analysed in the paper and represented on the attached map.
9
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Sufix -dlo v pomístních jménech v Čechách

100%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2008
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vol. 49
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issue 1
333-343
EN
The article focuses on the word-formation of the lexical units present in Bohemian minor place-names, namely on both common nouns and proper names formed by the suffix -dlo and its variants -adlo and -idlo. A great majority of these lexical units has been derived from verbal bases.
10
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Sufixy -čka a -ačka v pomístních jménech v Čechách

100%
Štěpán P.
Národopisný věstník
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
556-572
EN
The article provides an analysis of the lexical units derived using the suffixes -čka and -ačka that occur in the minor place names from the territory of Bohemia. The analysed deverbative lexical units are most frequently formed using the suffix -čka, which is attached to the infinitive verbal stem. The suffix -ačka is usually attached to nominal (both substantive and adjective) bases. The formations from appellative (both substantive and adjective) bases are less frequent in minor place names than the formations from proper names (both anthroponyms and toponyms). The geolinguistic view has shown that the minor place names including the lexical units formed by the suffix -ačka from nominal bases are geographically marked: their occurrence is limited to the eastern half of Bohemia.
11
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Pojmenované entity v počítačové lingvistice a vlastní jména

63%
Giger M., Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2007
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vol. 48
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issue 1
44-53
EN
The article deals with the relationship between the so-called „named entities“, the concept of which has been established by the computational linguistics (namely its fields of Information Extraction and Natural Language Processing), and the proper names, as they are understood by onomasticians. Named entities are understood as those text units that are not included in dictionaries, and therefore cause difficulties during the automatic processing. Named entities include not only proper names, but also numeric expressions, Internet and e-mail addresses, during to some conceptions also biomedical terms, etc. The longest part of the article is devoted to the classification of named entities, as it has been proposed by computational linguists and modified by onomasticians.
12
Content available remote

Česká deverbální příjmení a problém jejich homonymie v elektronických korpusech

63%
Giger M., Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2006
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vol. 47
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issue 1
185-196
EN
The article discusses the problems connected with the homonymy of Czech deverbal surnames which must be solved during automatic annotation in electronic corpora. Solutions for improvement of these procedures, based on orthographic and punctuation criteria, on the list of corresponding surnames, and especially on syntactic features of surnames, are suggested in the paper. The degree of success of the steps proposed for disambiguation of the surnames will be very high; it can be estimated around 95 – 99 %.
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