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EN
The contribution deals with the typewritten concrete poetry of the intermedia artist Milan Adamčiak (1946 – 2017), which was created in the second half of the 1960s. It focuses on two characteristic forms of concrete poetry: verbal and sentence constellations. It observes how the principle of seriality is applied to these text-image compositions. Seriality, as a key compositional and meaning-generating principle, is particularly associated with repetition and variation. In the context of verbal constellations, the article emphasizes the function of visual composition in dealing with a word extracted from linguistic syntax. In sentence constellations, it concentrates on the meta-critical function of these forms, specified in the form of a critique of language as a means of communication and an instrument of power. Adamčiak’s repetitive-variation manipulation of linguistic material represents the application of visual techniques to literary creation. The contribution also points out the intermedia character of Adamčiak’s concrete poetry, highlights its parallels and connections with Czech experimental poetry, and selectively considers the socio-political circumstances of the time.
EN
The article tackles the shaping of the relationship between nature and civilisation in Štefan Moravčíkś poetry (b. 1943). It focuses on urban and natural (particularly animal) motifs in the poet’s collections from the 1980s – Moravčík’s second creative period. The article notes the qualities that have characterised Moravčík’s poetry since his collections Erosnička ([Treerotic frog] 1981) and Tichá domácnosť ([Silent household] 1981) in terms of the conception of man and the world as outlined in Moravčík’s first collections of poetry from the 1960s. The reasons why Moravčík’s vitalism was problematized are linked to the opening of his poetry to the urban life: the nature of the relationship between nature and the city is an antagonistic one in his poetry. The analysis of the poem “Holutkan a potkábica [Pigeorat and she-ratgeon]” from the collection of poems Idiotikon ([Idioticon] 1989) focuses on the role animal motifs play in the shaping of the poem’s genre, the unfolding of its meaning, and also looks at what functions neologisms perform in the text. The article reflects on the poem’s parodic relationship to the fable and myth, notes the link between the poem’s ecological theme and its civic-protest focus with an existential undertone.
EN
The article examines Slovak poems by a wide range of authors published in the last third of the 20th century and linked by taking as its theme erotic social interactions in urban public transport. The analysis is conceptually related to Bakhtin’s chronotope of the journey and the topos of the encounter and to existing research on poetry with the motifs of accidental male-female encounters in the urban environment and especially in the context of public transport (Walter Benjamin, Alejandro Hermida de Blas, Josef Hrdlička, Pavol Minár). The essay also makes connections with related topoi and paradigmatic texts. The core of the paper focuses on encounters that are motivated erotically on the part of the subject and notices their various forms and distinctive features. It explores both the sensual side of the erotic theme and its reflexive overlaps that are typical of these poems. The encounter at the place of transit acts in the poetry as an opportunity for the subject to observe and gain knowledge and self-knowledge.
Slavica Slovaca
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2024
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vol. 59
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issue 3
539 - 549
EN
The study deals with the shaped texts, which belong to the field of optical poetry as defined by K. P. Dencker. In particular, it focuses on shaped texts with the topos of the cross. In the first part of the paper, terminological issues are clarified. In the second part, the relation of forms with the topos of the cross to the overall development of optical poetry and the state of research in the field in the world and in relation to Slovak literature are outlined. In the third, central part, the corpus of realizations with the topos of the cross by Slovak poets and artists of the second half of the 20th century with an overlap into the present is presented. This overview is followed by analyses of three works (by M. Lasica, I. Fuhl, M. Chuda) that illustrate the genre, formal and semantic diversity of shaped texts with the topos of the cross in Slovak literature.
EN
The paper examines the poetry of Jozef Mihalkovič (b. 1935) published in the 1970s and 1980s, focusing on the representation of the city and the housing estate. It builds on previous literary scholarship on the author’s poetics, in particular on the findings of Fedor Matejov, Valér Mikula, Andrea Bokníková, and Stanislav Šmatlák. The basis of the analysis is an inventory of Bratislava and settlement topographical motifs in the poems of J. Mihalkovič from the collections Albá (Albas, 1972), Kam sa náhlite (Where do you rush to, 1974), Približné položenie (Approximate positioning, 1978), and Príležitostné básne (Occasional poems, 1988). Loser attention is paid to the topos of the housing estate and its components, with a focus on natural symbolism – particularly vegetative and plant motifs – as well as motifs of transport and walking. The housing estate’s exteriors (pavements) and interior (apartment) function in this poetry as mediums for expressing various states and attitudes of the lyrical subject within familial, social, and civilizational contexts. Conceptually significant is the identification of the new housing estate environment with the building site as an emblem of provisionality – interpreted partly as a problematic condition, partly as a promise of positive change – while, on a higher thematic and compositional level, an idealizing perspective prevails.
EN
The article focuses on poetological and axiological analysis of the Slovak collection of poems Liza Gennart: Výsledky vzniku ([Outcomes of origin], 2020). The collection is part of the project created by the poet and theorist of electronic literature, Zuzana Husárová (b. 1983) and the sound artist and programmer Ľubomír Panák (b. 1979) who trained a neural network to generate its poems. Texts generated by neural networks are usually referred to as synthetic. In the article, we therefore propose to use the term synthetic poetry to denote poetry generated by neural networks. Introductory parts of the article address the global contexts in which such a work of literature is nested (changes in the economy, position of literature in the current world, problems faced by the humanities today) and technological issues pertaining to natural language processing. What follows is a literary-historical contextualisation in which we outline the history of generative writing in Slovak literature, the issue of authorial teams co-creating poetry, and virtual authorial signatures. In concluding section, the article provides a textual analysis and proposes to conceptualise this instance of synthetic poetry in terms of (1) poetics of defect, (2) poetics of incoherence, and (3) poetics of reduction.
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