The article focuses on the networks of consumers and organizations gathered around a specific good. Based on the concept of network externalities, foundations of emergence, and impact of such networks on competitive behaviors were analyzed. Besides, examples of competitive behaviors of companies which either create or exploit network externalities were presented and the consequences for antitrust policy pointed out.
Theoretical foundations and measuremenł modes of transaction costs are described in the article. The notion of transaction costs is analysed and factors influencing their level identified. Further, the authoress discusses the results of research indicating a differentiated level of cost of exchange (or its components) of the same product in different countries and regions, being a consequence of differences in the transaction costs' value.
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