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Patrimoine culturel sarmate dans l’espace social du Duché de Lorraine et de Bar sous le règne du roi Stanisław Leszczyński (1737-1766), expression de l’identité culturelle polonaise

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Durbas M.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2023
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issue 25
171-184
EN
The aim of the article is to discuss the Sarmatian cultural transfer into the social space of Lor-raine as a manifestation of the Polish cultural identity of the king of Poland, duke of Lorraine and Bar, Stanislaus Leszczynski, a European and a citizen of the world. Leszczynski’s prolific contributions in his new homeland had its roots in the Sarmatian culture, one in which he grew up and which became ingrained in his consciousness. Through the Polish monarch and his Polish entourage, elements of Polish cultural identity-profoundly anchored in the Sarmatian background-began to permeate into the social space of the new homeland of Lorraine.
2
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THE FIRST ACADEMIC DISCOURSE ABOUT DWARFISM IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DWARF OF LUNÉVILLE.

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Durbas M.
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
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2019
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vol. 18
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issue 2
23-34
PL
W okresie oświecenia karłowatości nie uznawano za zaburzenie medyczne. Karły były poszukiwane i cenione na europejskich dworach arystokratycznych i królewskich, ale pozostały na marginesie życia społecznego z powodu budowy ciała. Celem tego artykułu jest omówienie pierwszych badań naukowych związanych z karłowatością na przykładzie karła na dworze króla Stanisława Leszczyńskiego w Lunéville. Nicolas Ferry, znany jako Bébé,podobnie jak inne karły w tamtym okresie, był maskotką dworzan i mieszkał aż do śmierci w wieku dwudziestu trzech lat u boku króla w pałacu. Król, zaniepokojony przedwczesną śmiercią Bébé, nakazał lekarzom zbadanie zwłok. Część materiałów badawczych wysłano do Paryża do Gabinetu Historii Naturalnej (Cabinet d’Histoire Naturelle du Roi) hrabiego de Buff ona, który rozpoczął badania. Przypadek karła Bébé został opisany w serii Histoire naturelle... w 12 tomie w części dotyczącej czworonogów. Z punktu widzenia kontrowersji kulturowych na temat karłowatości (obecnie traktowanej jako choroba w medycznym modelu niepełnosprawności) opisywany przypadek ma istotne znaczenie, ponieważ pokazuje początek procesu odchodzenia w XVIII wieku porzucono wiarę w mity i przesądy dotyczące karłów na rzecz anatomicznych badań akademickich
EN
In the conventional wisdom of the Enlightenment the topic of dwarfi sm as a medical disorder was not present.Dwarfs were sought after for and highly valued at European aristocratic and royal courts, but they stayed at the margins of social life because of their body build. The aim of this article is to discuss the fi rst academic research connected with dwarfi sm on the example of King Stanislaw Leszczynki’s dwarf in Lunéville. Nicolas Ferry, known as Bébé, like other dwarfs during the trend of that time was a mascot of courtiers, up to his death at the age of 23 by the King’s side in the palace. The King, upset by the death of his prematurely aged pupil Bébé, ordered his doctors to examine the corpse. Part of the research material was sent to Paris to the Cabinet of Natural History (Cabinet d’Histoire Naturelle du Roi) of Count de Buff on, who started an examination. The case of the dwarf Bébé was described in the series Histoire naturelle... of 12 volumes in the section on quadrupeds. From the point of view of cultural controversies about dwarfi sm – nowadays treated as a disease in the medical model of disability – the case is an important question because it shows the beginning of the process of departing from the beliefs of the eighteenth century towards the fi rst anatomical academic research.
3
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Casten Rönnow – szwedzki medyk na francuskiej prowincji w Lunéviile w latach 1737–1766

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Durbas M.
Medycyna Nowożytna
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2019
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vol. 25
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issue 2
27-46
EN
Casten Rönnow, coming from a Swedish family with medical traditions, spent the most active years of his professional career at the court of King Stanislaus in Lunéville. He studied in Stockholm and Uppsala and continued his education abroad in Denmark, Germany, and finally in France, in Paris. He received his surgeon  diploma at the University of Metz in 1730. He was a very promising surgeon in Parisian circles, with a noticeable artistic talent which he used while illustrating a treaty of a well-known military surgeon, Henri-François Le Dran. In France he joined the court of a Polish queen, Katarzyna Opalińska (the wife of King Stanislaus Leszczyński), who sent him to Konnigsberg as a trustworthy, personal doctor of King Stanisław Leszczyński. He stayed with the monarch till his death in 1766, exercising the function of “Médecin Conseiller in time du roi”, but in fact, he was also the court doctor. He was called to assist in particularly difficult cases like birth fever of Mme du Châtelet or the first documented autopsy in the history of medicine performed on a dwarf, Bébé. Casten Rönnow was also a medical supervisor in the duchy of Lorraine and Bar, he participated in the establishment of the Collège Royale de medicine in Nancy, published scientific works. In 1744, he became a member of the Académie royale des sciences in Sweden, and after the death of King Stanislaus, when he came back from Sweden, he became the manager of this institution, opening in this way the next and the last chapter in his life.
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Charles Bagard (1696–1772) – nadworny medyk króla Polski Stanisława Leszczyńskiego w Lotaryngii

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Durbas M.
Medycyna Nowożytna
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2025
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vol. 31
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issue 1
29-52
EN
During the Age of Enlightenment in the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar, the first court physician to the King of Poland, Stanislaw Leszczynski, was one of the most respected figures in medical circles. As a permanent member of the Royal Society of Sciences, he approached research with great commitment, and his activity in many areas, especially research, reflected an open mind, wisdom and perseverance in pursuing his goals. By virtue of his position, he was one of the close circle of courtiers surrounding the Polish King Stanislaus Leszczynski between 1737 and 1766, and held the highest authority for the organisation and supervision of the health service in the region. In the mid-18th century, Bagard, at the instigation of King Stanislaus, led the civil struggle to introduce smallpox vaccination in the principalities of Lorraine and Bar. He understood medicine very broadly, publishing more than a dozen treatises based on experience. Towards the end of his life, he focused primarily on research into the healing properties of the mineral waters of the Lorraine region, which formed the basis of his later work on the hydrology of Lorraine and made an important contribution to the development of hydrotherapy. He was the originator and long-standing director of the Royal Medical College of Nancy, which, in a long-term process, contributed to the modernisation of health care in the Lorraine region integrated into France.
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